Bolivia

Bolivia is home to several primate species found nowhere else including the Bolivian Gray Titi Callicebus donacophilus (ARKive) [note that the subspecies pallescens is now considered a separate species], the Rio Beni Titi Callicebus modestus (ARKive), the Ollala Brothers' Titi Callicebus olallae (ARKive), and the Madidi Titi or Golden Palace Monkey Callicebus aureipalatii (Planet' Mammiferes). The Bolivian River Dolphin Inia boliviensis (Mongabay) has recently been identified as distinct from the more widespread Amazon River Dolphin Inia geoffrensis. Other endemic mammals include Dorothy’s Slender Opossum Marmosops dorothea (p. 2 of Field Museum pdf file), a short-tailed opossum Monodelphis sanctaerosae (Sciency Thoughts), the Bolivian Chinchilla Rat Abrocoma boliviensis (EDGE), the Huanchaca Mouset Juscelinomys huanchacae (Planet' Mammiferes), the recently described Muenster Yellow-toothed Cavy Galea monasteriensis (Wikipedia), and the the Rio Itenez Rice Rat Oryzomys (or Hylaemys) acritus (Planet' Mammiferes).

The Bolivian Blackbird (flickr) represents a genus unique to Bolivia. The Cliff Parakeet (IBC), Blue-throated Macaw (ARKive) and the Red-fronted Macaw (Parrots Int'l) are endangered parrots. Other birds found solely in Bolivia include the Ashy Antwren (BirdLife Int'l), the Black-hooded Sunbeam (flickr), the Palkachupa Cotinga (ABC), the Rufous-faced Antpitta (IBC), Zimmer's Tapaculo (flickr), the Bolivian Earthcreeper (flickr), the Bolivian Spinetail (Neotropical Birds), the Cochabamba Mountain-finch (ARKive), the Bolivian Brush-finch (IBC), and the Bolivian Recurvebill (BirdLife Int'l).

Amphibians found exclusively in Bolivia include the Bolivian Poison Frog Epipedobates (or Ameerega) bolivianus (AmphibiaWeb), the La Siberia Marsupial Frog Gastrotheca lauzuricae (ARKive), the Sehuencas Water Frog Telmatobius yuracare (ARKive), the Cochamba Robber Frog Eleutherodactylus ashkapara (ARKive), the Parjacti Treefrog Hyloscirtus chlorosteus (EDGE), the El Chape Toad Bufo justinianoi (ARKive), an Andes frog Phrynopus guillei (CBC-AMNH), a glass frog Cochranella nola (ARKive), and a caecilian Caecilia marcusi (AmphibiaWeb). Recently described species include a marsupial frog Gastrotheca piperata (AmphibiaWeb), a toad Chaunus (or Rhinella) tacana (Zootaxa pdf file), a water frog Telmatobius espadai (ARKive), and a slender-legged treefrog Osteocephalus castaneicola (AmphibiaWeb).

Reptiles known only from Bolivia include the Bolivian Anaconda Eunectes beniensis (Reptile Database), the Bolivian Lancehead Bothrops sanctaecrucis and Diana's Coral Snake Micrurus diana (both at Animais Bolivia), a ground snake Xenopholis werdingorum (Magical Creatures), the burrowing snakes Phalotris sansebastiani (Senckenberg) and Apostolepis breviceps (BioOne), Ruthven's Burrowing Snake Apostolepis tenuis (UMMZ), and a worm lizard Amphisbaena cegei (Check List pdf file).

Among the catfish endemic to Bolivia are Corydoras geryi (PlanetCatfish), Corydoras latus (PlanetCatfish), Corydoras mamore (PlanetCatfish), Farlowella altocorpus (Species New to Science), Hypostomus levis (PlanetCatfish), and Rineloricaria beni (PlanetCatfish). Other fish known only from the rivers and streams of Bolivia include the dwarf cichlids Apistogramma linkei (FishBase) and Apistogramma rubrolineata (Cichlid Room Companion), the Goldstripe Characin Creagrutus beni (FishBase), a rosy tetra Hyphessobrycon pando (Amin Zero), and a tetra Hemigrammus neptunus (FishBase).

The mysterious Broad-headed Fly Eurychoromyia mallea (Diptera Site) was once placed in its own family, the Eurychoromyidae, but is now part of a subfamily of the Lauxaniidae (Zootaxa pdf file). Endemic butterflies include Pierphulia nysias (Butterflies of America), a swallowtail Parides steinbachi (Papilionidae of the World), Eretris julieta (SciELO Brazil), and South America's highest flying butterfly Piercolias huanaco (Butterflies of America). Othe endemic invertebrates include a large rhinoceros beetle Dynastes satanus (NHM-London), a tiger beetle Pometon bolivianus (ASU), the stag beetles Auxicerus multicolor (New World Scarab Beetles) and Scortizus zischkai (New World Scarab Beetles), a feather-wing beetle Xenopteryx setosus (BHL), a longhorned beetle Chapareia pinima (MNRJ), the tarantulas Cyriocosmus perezmilesi (theraphosidae.cz) and Oligoxystre bolivianum (Birdspiders.com), and a land snail Epiphragmophora malkini (BHL).

Many species of orchids are known only from Bolivia including Stenia vasquezii (IOPSE), Encyclia steinbachii (IOPSE), Restrepia vasquezii (flickr), and Sigmatostalix lutzii (IOPSE). Additional endemic species of plants include the Bolivian Mountain Coconut Parajubaea torallyi (PACSOA), the Red Powderpuff Calliandra haematocephala (flickr), Nasa herzogii (NYBG), an iris Mastigostyla torotoroensis (Kew), Peltaea chiquitana (Cerrados de Bolivia), Zamia boliviana (Cycad Pages), a bromeliad Tillandsia samaipatensis (flickr), and Polylepis neglecta (ARKive), . Plant genera unique to Bolivia include the orchids Vasqueziella (WVOV) and Seegeriella (IOPSE), Izozogia (Field Museum), the cacti Samaipaticereus (flickr) and Yungasocereus (CactiGuide.com), Cardenasiodendron (Kew), Protoschwenkia (JSTOR), and two blueberries: Polyclita (NYBG) and Rusbya (JSTOR). A list of endemic Bolivian plants can be generated at (eFloras).

Portions of Bolivia are part of the Tropical Andes (CI) and Cerrado (CI) biodiversity hotspots. Lake Titicaca (FEOW) has many unique freshwater species.