Cambodia
Endemic
birds include the Cambodian Taylorbird
(BHL)
(eBird)
and the Cambodian
Laughingthrush
(eBird).
The Giant Ibis (eBird)
may now be a breeding endemic due to severe declines in neighboring
countries. The
Cambodian subspecies of the Chestnut-headed Hill-partridge Arborophila cambodiana
(Cornell)
is sometimes treated as a distinct species from the Thai subspecies.
Amphibians unique to Cambodia include the Aural Horned Frog Xenophrys
auralensis (Species
New to Science), the Damrei Horned Frog
Xenophrys
damrei (AmphibiaWeb),
the
Cardamom
Bush Frog Philautus
cardamonus (IUCN),
the
Samkos Bush
Frog Chiromantis
samkosensis (Mongabay), the Cardamom Leaf
Litter Frog Leptobrachella
neangi (Species
New to Science), and the Cardamom Caecilian Ichthyophis
cardamomensis
(FFI
WM).
The Tonle Sap Watersnake Enhydris
longicauda (iNaturalist)
is heavily harvested as food for humans and farmed
crocodiles. Other endemic reptiles include the Dalai Mountain Blind
Lizard Dibamus
dalaiensis (FFI
WM),
the Cambodian Kukri Snake Oligodon
kampucheaensis (FFI
WM)
(iNaturalist),
the Cambodian Wolf Snake Lycodon zoosvictoriae
(GBIF),
the bent-toed geckos Cyrtodactylus
auralensis (ResearchGate),
and Cyrtodactylus
bokorensis (iNaturalist)
and
Cyrtodactylus
phnomchiensis (ZooKeys)
and Cyrtodactylus
laangensis (ResearchGate),
Neang Thy’s Rock Gecko Cnemaspis
neangthyi
(BBC
WM),
and several skinks: Lygosoma
veunsaiensis (FFI
WM),
Sphenomorphus
preylangensis (GBIF),
and Scincella
nigrofasciata (ResearchGate).
Hayes' Thick-thumbed Myotis Myotis hayesi (ResearchGate) is a recently described bat known only from a single specimen collected in Phnom Penh. A wild cattle last seen in 1988, the Kouprey (ARKive WM) may still survive in Cambodia.
Fish
species known solely from Cambodia include Betta stiktos (FishBase),
a
silurid catfish Pterocryptis
bokorensis (FishBase),
a hillstream catfish Glyptothorax
coracinus (flickr),
the
stream catfishes Akysis
fuliginatus (p. 4 of Raffles
Museum pdf)
and
Akysis clinatus
(p. 11 of Raffles
Museum pdf), and several loaches: Schistura diminuta (Texas
A&M WM pdf),
Schistura kampucheensis
(ResearchGate),
Tuberoschistura
cambodgiensis (FIMSEA)
and Paracanthocobitis
canicula (ResearchGate).
A river herring Minyclupeoides
dentibranchialus (CAAI)
(Raffles
Museum pdf) is an endemic genus.
Endemic insects include the stick insects Medauroidea
romantica (BJE
WM
pdf) and Cryptophyllium khmer (ResearchGate),
a dragonfly Euthygomphus
schorri (GBIF),
the
lichen moths Stictane
bokorensis (GBIF)
and Eugoa arguta (GBIF),
a
long-horned moth Synersaga
mondulkiriensis (Semantic
Scholar),
a
tiger beetle Naviauxella
loebli (ResearchGate),
the ground beetles Amphinemes
wooshini (ScienceDirect)
and Diplocheila erwini
(ZooKeys),
the
scarab beetles Eocorythoderus
incredibilis (Species
New to Science) and Termitotrox
venus (ZooKeys),
the rove beetles Blefuscudia
khmer (GBIF)
and Discoxenus
latiabdominalis (p. 3 of Zootaxa
pdf), a
cicada Qurana ggoma
(ResearchGate),
a planthopper Sogana
chartieri (iNaturalist),
a
lanternfly Polydictya
khmera (Fig. 6 at ResearchGate),
the katydids Olcinia
constanti (ResearchGate)
and Lipotactes discus
(Figs. E-G at ResearchGate),
a
cricket Rhaphidophora
khmerica (OSF),
and the ants Crematogaster
chhangi (AntWiki)
and Carebara colobopsis
(JHR).
Other invertebrates known only from Cambodia include a scorpion Chaerilus kampuchea (Arthropoda Selecta WM pdf), a sac spider Systaria procera (GBIF), an armored spider Tetrablemma kepense (ZooKeys), a pseudoscorpion Cybella bedosae (GBIF), a harvestman Melanopula cambodiana (GBIF), the centipedes Tygarrup triporus and Tygarrup crassignathus (both at ZOBODAT WM pdf), the millipedes Eutrichodesmus cambodiensis (ZooKeys) and Plusioglyphiulus khmer and Plusioglyphiulus biserratus (both at ZooKeys), a cave-dwelling woodlouse Exalloniscus kampucheaensis (ResearchGate), a freshwater crab Limnopilos miromekong (Species New to Science), a freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium hungi (zenodo), a freshwater amphipod Kamaka tonlensis (GBIF), and an earthworm Glyphidrilus jamiesoni (GBIF).
Endemic
molluscs include a freshwater mussel Namkongnaia lemeslei
(ResearchGate),
the freshwater
snails Anentome
cambojiensis (ZooKeys)
and Hydrorissoia
cambodiensis (GBIF),
and
several land snails: Cambodiparmarion
doroshenkoi (GBIF),
Pseudobuliminus
harryleei (Femorale
WM),
Pupina crosseana
(fig. 3C at ZooKeys),
Opisthostoma supinum
(Opisthostoma),
Notharinia constricta
(p. 4 of IUCN
pdf), Sarika lactoconcha
(p. 9 of EJT
pdf), Cyclophorus
stungtrengensis (GBIF),
Anauchen chaunosalpinx
(GBIF),
and Amphidromus
begini
(Femorale
WM).
Plants unique to Cambodia include the pitcher plants Nepenthes bokorensis
(Wikipedia)
and Nepenthes holdenii
(FFI
WM), an oak Quercus
cambodiensis (PhytoKeys),
Sonerila cardamomensis
(PhytoKeys),
Sarcolobus
cambogensis (ResearchGate),
the
palms Areca riparia
(Palmpedia)
and Calamus
kampucheaensis (p. 93 of WWF
pdf), Urophyllum
pulchristipulum (p. 19 of MNHN
pdf)
Impatiens bokorensis (ResearchGate),
Machilus bokorensis (PhytoKeys),
Lespedeza cambodianum
(ResearchGate),
Peliosanthes cambodiana
(p. 7 of Rufford
WM
pdf), Sonerila
bokorense (ResearchGate),
Heteropanax bokorensis
(Semantic
Scholar), a
ginger Globba
bokorensis (iNaturalist),
Euphorbia
bokorensis (Semantic
Scholar), the orchids Doritis
boulbetii (ResearchGate)
and Porpax verrucosa
(POWO),
Thismia bokorensis (ResearchGate),
Lasianthus
cambodianus (ResearchGate),
Alocasia jiewhoei
(BHL),
Syzygium veal
(PLAZI),
Styrax cambodianus
(ResearchGate),
and
Solanum sakhanii
(ResearchGate). Khmeriosicyos (Internet
Archive) is an endemic genus of Cucurbitaceae.
Endemic
non-vascular plants include the mosses Trichosteleum aquatile
(GBIF)
and Trichosteleum
popokvilense (GBIF)
and the liverworts Cololejeunea
cambodiana (GBIF)
and Cololejeunea
kiriromensis (GBIF).
Cambodia is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity
Hotspots WM).
An important
ecoregion for endemic
species is the Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests (EoE). The Mekong River (ResearchGate)
has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.