Lebanon
Fraas’s Lizard Parvilacerta (or Lacerta) fraasii (ARKive) is a reptile found only in Lebanon.
An
endemic freshwater
fish is the minnow Pseudophoxinus
syriacus (IUCN Red List)(fig.
3 at Internet
Archive).
Invertebrates unique to Lebanon include a scarab Melontha
excisicauda (glaphyridae.com),
the longhorned beetles Pogonocherus
ehdenensis (Forum
Entomologi Italiani) and Callidium
libani (eol),
a plant bug Psallus jeitensis (Discover
Life), a grasshopper Chorthippus lebanicus
(OSF),
a cave-dwelling centipede Lithobius libanicus
(Sapienza
Univ. Rome pdf file), the amphipod
crustaceans Niphargus
altagahizi (IJS
pdf file)
and Echinogammarus
berytensis (CNRS),
and
several freshwater snails: Pseudobithynia
amiqensis (ARKive),
Pseudobithynia levantica
(ARKive),
Pseudobithynia
kathrini (ARKive), and Gyraulus
bekaensis (p. 6 of Mollusca
pdf file).
Among about 92 species of endemic vascular plants are the Sofar Iris Iris sofarana (Kew),
the Thick-leaved Stock Matthiola
crassifolia (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), the
Hopflower Oregano Origanum
libanoticum (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), the Lebanon Violet Viola libanotica (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the
Lebanon Barberry Berberis
libanotica (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the Hoary Vetch Vicia
canescens (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), a
groundsel Senecio exilis
(Flore
virtuelle du Liban), Silene reuteriana (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the
Lebanon Cyclamen Cyclamen
libanoticum (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), Ornithogalum libanoticum (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), Phlomis
tathamiorum (Botanicus),
Ballota byblensis
(BHL),
Geranium libanoticum
(flickr),
Salvia fairuziana
(nhmedit.com), the Sofar Milk-vetch Astragalus
sofarensis (LAU),
and the Three-lobed Apple Malus trilobata (Flore
virtuelle du Liban). An endemic
genus of grass is Lycochloa
(BGBM).
Lebanon
is included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity
hotspot (CI). Important terrestrial ecoregions include
the Eastern Mediterranean Conifer- sclerophyllous- broadleaf
Forests (EoE)
and the Southern Anatolian Montane Conifer and Deciduous
Forests (EoE).
For a list of endemic vascular plant species see (Flore
virtuelle du Liban).