Rwanda
Freshwater
fish known
only from Rwanda include the Bulera Haplo Haplochromis erythromaculatus
(FishBase),
the Orangetail Kivu Haplo Haplochromis
microchrysomelas (Albertine
Rift Cichlids), the Red Kivu Haplo Haplochromis rubescens
(Albertine
Rift Cichlids), the Rwandese Carp Varicorhinus ruandae (Fig. 1 in BHL),
the
Rwasa Barb Barbus ruasae
(BHL),
and
the extinct
Short-barbelled Barb Barbus
microbarbis (BHL).
Mammals unique to Rwanda include Hill’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hilli
(p. 14 of Rhinolophus.net
pdf file) and the Rwandan Shaggy Rat Dasymys rwandae
(African
Rodentia).
An endemic snake is the Rwandan Snake-eater Polemon leopoldi (toxinology.com).
Endemic amphibians include Fischer's African Caecilian Boulengerula fischeri
(Guardian) and the recently described Jackie's Reed Frog Hyperolius jackie (AmphibiaWeb) and Rwanda Long Reed Frog Hyperolius rwandae (AmphibiaWeb).
Insects found solely in Rwanda include the butterflies Acraea turlini (Dominique
Bernaud) and Bebearia
dowsetti (metafro),
a grasshopper Pteroperina
steini (SysTax),
a flower beetle Pachnoda
rwandana (Nyungwe
Lepidoptera), two
carpet beetles Orphinus
wagneri (dermestidae.com)
and Orphinus rusumoensis
(dermestidae.com),
a darkling beetle Amenophis
vingerhoedti (Charaxes),
the ants Loboponera
edentula (AntWeb)
and Strumigenys murshila
(AntWeb),
and several tiger moths: Galtara
convergens (metafro),
Galtara turlini
(metafro),
Agaltara nebulosa
(metafro),
and Seydelia turlini
(metafro).
Other endemic invertebrates include a wolf spider Amblyothele kivumba
(ZooKeys),
a ground spider Zelotibia
kanama (Wikispecies),
and a
freshwater
crab Potamonautes semilunaris
(fig. 2 on p. 3 of AToL
Decapoda pdf file).
Among about 50 vascular plant species restricted to Rwanda are several
orchids including Liparis
harketii (Rolf
Fröhling), Polystachya pamelae
(Columbia),
Polystachya
anastacialynae (BIOPAT),
Polystachya bruechertiae
(rsrokplus.de),
Ypsilopus
liae (IOPSE), Tridactyle
stevartiana (Central
African Plants), and Microcoelia
nyungwensis (JSTOR).
Other endemic plants include the world's smallest water lily Nymphaea
thermarum (Kew),
Impatiens nyungwensis (flickr), Dorstenia nyungwensis
(Ruhr-Universität
Bochum), Aframomum wuerthii (BIOPAT), a sedge Cyperus
vandervekenii
(Botanicus),
the grasses Coelachne
auquieri (JSTOR)
and Hyparrhenia
ruandensis (JSTOR),
Keetia
rwandensis (JSTOR),
Stemodiopsis
ruandensis (JSTOR),
Pavetta troupinii (JSTOR),
and a cape primrose Streptocarpus
bindseilii (JSTOR).
Parts of Rwanda are included in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity
hotspot (CI).
Nyungwe National Park (Nyungwe) is especially rich
in endemic species.