Tunisia

Mammals found nowhere else include the Kerkennah Islands Gerbil (Mammal Species of the World) and James's Gerbil (IUCN Red List). 

A fringe-fingered lizard Acanthodactylus mechriguensis (IUCN Red List) is sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread Spotted Fringe-fingered Lizard Acanthodactylus maculatus (lacerta.de) and a new species of horned viper Cerastes boehmei (ZFMK pdf file) was described in 2010.

Beetles unique to Tunisia include a cave-dwelling ground beetle Laemostenus tiouirii (Karst Worlds), the leaf beetles Cryptocephalus jocularis (Chrysomelidae of Europe) and Coptocephala kerimii (Chrysomelidae of Europe), a click beetle Ampedus martini (Elateridae), a skin beetle Attagenus placitus (dermestidae.com), the darkling beetles Xanthomus viklundi (p. 4 of tenebrionidae.net pdf file) and Asida punica (p. 3 of tenebrionidae.net pdf file), and a weevil Echinodera capbonensis (curci.de), . Other endemic insects include a bush cricket Steropleurus tunisiense (OSF), a plantbug Compsidolon eckerleini (Discover Life), a stinkbug Schiodtella laevicollis (Dr. Lech Borowiec pdf file), a casebearer moth Coleophora pseudofuscoaenea (p. 38 of SEL pdf file), a mayfly Rhithrogena sartorii (Zootaxa pdf file), a planthopper Hysteropterum drahamese (AMNH), an ant Cataglyphis hannae (GAP pdf file), and an endemic genus of bee Spinopasites spinotus (p. 22 of Entomofauna pdf file).

A family of crustaceans, the Thermosbaenidae, is sometimes considered to include only Thermosbaena mirabilis (ADW) (jcs.biologists.org pdf file) which is known only from hot springs at the oasis of El Hamma. Other endemic invertebrates include a mudsnail Hydrobia djerbaensis (NHM Rotterdam), a freshwater mussel Anodonta lucasii (p. 52 of IUCN 6 MB pdf file), an isopod crustacean Porcellio djahizi (MNHN pdf file), a millipede Glomeris colorata (ZooKeys), a cave-dwelling centipede Eupolybothrus kahfi (ZooKeys), a wolf spider Alopecosa tunetana (flickr), a recluse spider Loxosceles mrazig (ZooKeys), a huntsman spider Cerbalus ergensis (Senckenberg pdf file), and the scorpions Buthus chambiensis (p. 6 of Euscorpius 9 MB pdf file) and Buthus dunlopi (p. 9 of Euscorpius 9 MB pdf file).

Among about 24 endemic vascular plant species (fr.wikipedia) are the Dwarf Pincushion Bush Scabiosa farinosa (SCBG), Anarrhinum brevifolium (flickr), Linaria cossoni (p. 4 of PIM pdf file), Linaria paradoxa (JSTOR), Limonium boitardii (JSTOR), Limonium zembrae (JSTOR), Teucrium radicans (JSTOR), Teucrium sauvagei (JSTOR), Galium olivetorum (JSTOR), Crepis tunetana (JSTOR), Ferula tunetana (JSTOR), Thymelaea sempervirens (JSTOR), Rumex tunetanus (Internet Archive), Arabis tunetana (JSTOR), Marrubium aschersonii (MNHN), Silene barrattei (JSTOR), Bellevalia dolichophylla (herbmedit.org pdf file), and Odontites citrinus (p. 38 of BGBM pdf file).

Portions of Tunisia are part of the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (CI). Important ecoregions for endemic species include the Mediterranean Woodlands and Forests (EoE) and the Mediterranean Conifer and Mixed Forests (EoE).