Vietnam

Mammals found only in Vietnam include the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (ARKive WM), Delacour's Langur (ARKive WM), the Cat Ba Langur (NEPC) (iNaturalist), the Silver-backed Chevrotain (Mongabay), the Puhoat Muntjac (PLAZI), the Sa Pa White-toothed Shrew (ResearchGate), the Small-toothed Mole (ResearchGate), the Fansipan Shrew Mole (Species New to Science), the Dalat Gymnure Hylomys macarong (p. 26 of WWF pdf), Suntsov's Marmoset Rat (ResearchGate), Millet's Long-tailed Giant Rat (fig. 7A at ResearchGate), the Southern Blind Tree Mouse (BDJ), the Hon Khoai Squirrel (ResearchGate) (WAZA), a treeshrew Tupaia danghuyhuynhi (ARPHA pdf), Griffin's Leaf-nosed Bat (ARKive WM), Phan Luong's Myotis (iNaturalist), and Beezlebub's Tube-nosed Bat (ASM WM). Daovantien’s Limestone Rat (ResearchGate) is an endemic genus.

Birds unique to Vietnam include Edward’s Pheasant (ARKive WM), the Tonkin Partridge (Cornell), Black-crowned Fulvetta (eBird), the White-throated Wren Babbler (eBird), the Orange-breasted Laughingthrush (eBird), the Collared Laughingthrush (eBird), the Golden-winged Laughingthrush (eBird), and the Vietnamese Greenfinch (eBird). The Annam Grasshopper-warbler (eBird) and the Annam Prinia (eBird) are also sometimes recognized as distinct species.

Reptiles exclusive to Vietnam include the Ta Kou Marbled Gecko (Reptile Database), the Huu Lian Leopard Gecko (ResearchGate), the Psychedelic Rock Gecko (Guardian), the Black-eyed Bent-toed Gecko (fig. 8b at Vertebrate Zoology), the Giant Butterfly Lizard (iNaturalist), the Vietnamese Forest Lizard (iNaturalist), Sokolov's Glass Lizard (Reptile Database), the Cha Noi Water Skink (GEO.de WM), the Three-banded Forest Skink (iNaturalist), Han's Grass Lizard (lacerta.de), Greer's Snake Skink (Reptile Database), the Hon Son Pitviper (iNaturalist), the Quang Binh Pitviper (iNaturalist), the Long-tailed Kukri Snake (iNaturalist), Dominic's Reed Snake (GBIF), a sunbeam snake Xenopeltis intermedius (Species New to Science), the Truong Son Rough Water Snake (iNaturalist), the Vietnamese Pond Turtle (IUCN), and the Southern Vietnamese Box Turtle (Turtle Sanctuary). Nguyen Van Sang's Snake (ResearchGate) is an endemic genus of snake.

Amphibians known solely from Vietnam include Ryabov's Bug-eyed Frog (iNaturalist), the Bana Frilled Tree Frog (Vietnam Creatures WM), the Vampire Flying Frog (CalPhotos), Jodi's Tree Frog (Species New to Science), the Limestone Small Tree Frog (CalPhotos), Quang’s Tree Frog (Mongabay), Nguyens' Fanged Frog (iNaturalist), Mutschmann's Odorous Frog (ResearchGate), the Spiny Torrent Frog (CalPhotos), the Langbian Plateau Frog (CalPhotos), Botsford’s Litter Toad (IUCN), Sterling's Toothed Toad (IUCN), the White-eyed Spadefoot Toad (IUCN), a toad Bufo rubroventromaculatus (figs. 4 & 5 at ResearchGate), the Painted Narrow-mouth Frog (iNaturalist), Cuong's Dwarf Frog (Species New to Science), the Vietnamese Crocodile Newt (IUCN), and the Cha Lo Caecilian (ResearchGate).

Freshwater fishes restricted to Vietnam include the Redback Paradise Fish (Seriously Fish), the Toothy Blackhand Paradise Fish Polynemus bidentatus (p. 17 of WWF WM pdf), the Tiger Hillstream Loach (Seriously Fish), the Hovering Zebra Loach (Seriously Fish), the catfishes Pseudobagarius similis (PlanetCatfish) and Tachysurus spilotus (PlanetCatfish) and Silurus caobangensis (fig. 1 at VNUA WM pdf), a priapiumfish Phallostethus cuulong (Zootaxa pdf), the Orange Seam Snakehead (FishBase), a goby Rhinogobius phuongae (GBIF), the Mekong Mahseer (GBIF), a bitterling Rhodeus rheinardti (Jörg Bohlen WM), and the Vietnamese White Cloud Minnow (Seriously Fish). Endemic genera include Draconectes (BHL), Araiocypris (ResearchGate), Placogobio (p. 65 of slideshare.net), Garroides (TNU WM pdf), Hongiastoma (ResearchGate), and Pareuchiloglanis (ResearchGate).

Endemic marine fishes include the gobies Feia ranta (FishBase) and Eviota maculibotella (FishBase), the Ha Long Thryssa (Semantic Scholar WM), the Yellowblotched Tilefish (GBIF), a damselfish Amblypomacentrus vietnamicus (zin.ru pdf), a gurnard Lepidotrigla firmisquamis (GBIF), Pavlov's Goatfish (GBIF), the Longbody Snake Eel (ResearchGate), a tonguefish Symphurus brachycephalus (ResearchGate), a batfish Halieutaea dromedaria (sciencejournals.ru pdf), the Vietnamese Longtail Dragonet (figs. 2 & 3 at ResearchGate), and a moray Strophidon dawydoffi (Semantic Scholar WM).

Butterflies found nowhere else include Tanaecia (or Cynitia) stellata (ze-ph.sakura.ne.jp), Stichophthalma uemurai (Vietnam Creatures WM), Deramas cham (Butterflies in Indo-China), Graphium wenlingae (Species New to Science), Ypthima daclaca (p. 19 of KMNH WM pdf), Halpe annamensis (figs. 7-8 at zobodat pdf), and Dodona katerina (BHL). Endemic moths include a silk moth Lemaireia inexspectata (zobodat pdf) and the noctuids Wittstrotia behouneki (biotaxa.org) and Catocala katsumii (GBIF).

Other endemic insects include a stag beetle Lucanus dongi (Vietnam Insect WM), the longhorn beetles Thermistis annamensis (GBIF) and Casiphia takakuwai (Vietnam Insect WM), a flower beetle Protaetia dianae (GBIF), a long-armed scarab Cheirotonus battareli (Vietnam Creatures WM), a cave-dwelling ground beetle Tonkinaphaenops anthonyi (GBIF), a cave-dwelling darkling beetle Harvengia vietnamita (fig. 8F at MDPI), a jewel beetle Coomaniella simulatrix (fig. 26 at BHL), a mantis Phasmomantella nuichuana (iNaturalist), the stick insects Calvisia kneubuehleri (iNaturalist) and Phryganistria tamdaoensis (ResearchGate), a leaf insect Cryptophyllium phami (phasmatodea.com), a katydid Lipotactes azureus (figs. 2A-C at ResearchGate), a grasshopper Caryanda tamdaoensis (iNaturalist), a cicada Pomponia brevialata (ResearchGate), a lanternfly Pyrops buomvoi (ResearchGate), an ant Opamyrma hungvuong (AntWiki), a bee Bathanthidium paco (JHE), a mud dauber wasp Chalybion tanvinhensis (GBIF), a dragonfly Merogomphus tamdaoensis (VietOdonata), and the damselflies Chlorogomphus nakamurai (IUCN) and Matrona taoi (Odonata Vietnam).

Other endemic invertebrates include a tarantula Selenocosmia kovariki (sklipkani.cz), the jumping spiders Langerra easoensis (GBIF) and Eupoa ninhbinh (ZooKeys), a cave-dwelling scorpion Vietbocap thienduongensis (ScienceDirect), a harvestman Euepedanus vietnamicus (GBIF), a whip spider Weygoldtia condao (Semantic Scholar), a cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion Lagynochthonius fragilis (fig. 6I at MDPI), a springtail Tomocerina annamitica (PLAZI), the millipedes Sellanucheza hoffmani (Rufford) and Eostemmiulus caecus (IUCN), a centipede Tonkinodentus lestes (ZooKeys), a velvet worm Eoperipatus totoro (Species New to Science), an earthworm Drawida angiang (ZooKeys), the cave-dwelling shrimps Macrobrachium phongnhaense (Species New to Science) and Caridina namdat (ResearchGate), and the freshwater crabs Potamiscus cucphuongensis (Vietnam Creatures WM) and Tiwaripotamon edostilus (iNaturalist).

Endemic molluscs include a nudibranch Eubranchus flexus (ResearchGate), the freshwater mussels Lanceolaria bogani (BHL) and Pseudobaphia banggiangensis (ResearchGate), and the cave-dwelling snails Macrochlamys psyche and Speleocyclotus macrocoryphe (both at fig. 5 at MDPI). Endemic land snails include Amphidromus ingens (figs. 6A-C at ZooKeys), Cyclophorus cucphuongensis (Science Trends), Angustopila psammion (GBIF), Chuatienpupa megacanalis (Ruthenica WM pdf), Camaena chuongi (iNaturalist), and Bertia cambojiensis (IUCN).

A fly family, the Circumphallidae (actazool.nhmus.hu WM pdf), has been described based on a single individual from Ba Be National Park. Other endemic families include at webspinner Embonychidae (BHL) (Project Noah), a nematode Neotripylidae (ResearchGate), and a parasitic rotifer Clariaidae (WoRMS).

Among the orchids confined to Vietnam are Vanda christensoniana (POWO), Paphiopedilum delenatii (SlipperOrchids.info WM), Dendrobium ochraceum (IOSPE), Corybas annamensis (iNaturalist), Bulbophyllum phanquyetii (GBIF), and Anoectochilus annamensis (figs. 4a-b at ResearchGate). Other endemic plants include Nepenthes thorelii (ResearchGate), Amorphophallus interruptus (IAS WM), Begonia bataiensis (IUCN), Impatiens annamensis (iNaturalist), Rhododendron fleuryi (Vietnam Creatures WM), Cycas condaoensis (Cycad Pages WM), Zingiber yersinii (IUCN), Strobilanthes obesa (iNaturalist), Primulina drakei (iNaturalist), Hoya hanhiae (ResearchGate), Aristolochia tonkinensis (iNaturalist), Petrocodon vietnamensis (ResearchGate), Solanum robinsonii (GBIF), Curcuma tuanii (SciELO), Leptomischus hiepii (PhytoKeys), and Ornithoboea emarginata (IUCN).

Trees known only from Vietnam include the palms Pinanga declinata (Palmpedia) and Livistona halongensis (iNaturalist), the Tonkin Cypress (ResearchGate), Krempf's Pine (RBGE), Poilane's Catkin-yew (iNaturalist), Bombax albidum (Vietnam Plants), Elaeagnus bonii (iNaturalist), Ridsdalea bakanensis (PhytoKeys), Magnolia quangninhensis (ResearchGate), Mangifera dongnaiensis (iNaturalist), Quercus sontraensis (GBIF), Acer erythranthum (flickr), Camellia langbianensis (ResearchGate), Knema saxatilis (Wikipedia), Vatica subglabra (p. 6 of Rufford pdf), Shorea falcata (Flora of the World) (Thien Nhien), and Boniodendron parviflorum (iNaturalist). Endemic tree genera include Leoheo (Species New to Science), Oligoceras (GBIF), Quangnamia (Species New to Science), and Xantonneopsis (GBIF).

Other endemic vascular plant genera include the orchids Deceptor (IOSPE) and Bidoupia (flickr) and Apetalanthe (ResearchGate), a palm Truongsonia (PLAZI), Hiepia (Turczaninowia pdf), Billolivia (BHL), Newmania (IUCN), Nianhochloa (MNHN WM pdf), Khoonmengia (Phytokeys), Cochinchinochloa (Species New to Science), Langbiangia (PLOS), Chlorohiptage (plecevo.eu), Yersinochloa (Species New to Science), Aschistanthera (fig. 1H at Google Books), Heliacria (ResearchGate), Nephoanthus (GBIF), Vietnamocasia (ResearchGate), Michaelmoelleria (PhytoKeys), and Cyclacanthus (Fauna & Flora of Vietnam).

Endemic lichens include Arthophacopsis heterodermiae (fig. 2 at ResearchGate) and Acanthothecis verrucosa (ResearchGate). Endemic fungi include Tylopilus subotsuensis (Fungal Planet WM pdf), Volvariella orientalis (GBIF), and Fistulinella aurantioflava (Fungal Planet WM pdf). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Neckera praetermissa (zenodo) and Trichosteleum vietnamense (GBIF) and the liverworts Drepanolejeunea bidoupensis (MNHN pdf) and Cololejeunea vietnamensis (GBIF).

Vietnam is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The Annamite Forests (Wonders of the Annamites) are especially notable for endemic species. The Mekong River (ResearchGate) has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.