Belize

Belize is home to more than 40 species of plants found nowhere else (BERDS WM) including the cycads Ceratozamia osbornei (PhytoKeys) and Zamia decumbens (Wiley) and Zamia meermanii (BHL), Philodendron dwyeri (BERDS WM), Cyrtopodium vestitum (flickr), Passiflora urbaniana (iNaturalist), Alsobia baroniae (Species New to Science), Lonchocarpus subsessilifolius (SciELO Mexico) (iNaturalist), Rhynchospora belizensis (BFREE), Gymnopodium toledense (BioOne), Hyptis maya (POWO), Waltheria belizensis (BHL), Metastelma stenomeres (iNaturalist), Dalechampia schippii (iNaturalist), Paepalanthus gentlei (twitter WM), and the following (all on p. 2 of RBGE pdf): Syngonanthus bartlettii, Syngonanthus hondurensis, and Syngonanthus lundellianus. Zyzyura (Phytokeys) (iNaturalist) is an endemic genus.

Trees known only from Belize include Zinowiewia pallida (iNaturalist), Plinia peroblata (iNaturalist), Eugenia cayoana (GBIF) (BHL), Cinnamomum bladenense (PhytoKeys) (IUCN), Spathelia belizensis (PhytoKeys), Amyris rhomboidea (GBIF), and Gymnanthes belizensis (POWO).

The Peten Centipede Snake Tantilla hendersoni (iNaturalist) (ResearchGate) was described in 2004 from near Las Cuevas. The Belizean Atoll Gecko Phyllodactylus insularis (iNaturalist) occurs on Halfmoon Caye and Long Caye.

The sole endemic amphibian is the Maya Mountain Frog Rana juliani (CalPhotos) (iNaturalist).

Freshwater fishes unique to Belize include the Mountain Molly Poecilia teresae (BERDS WM) (iNaturalist) and the Macal Tetra Astyanax macal (iNaturalist) (PLAZI).

Marine fish known only from Belize include the Belizean Sea Catfish Cathorops belizensis (STRI WM), the Whitelined Toadfish Sanopus greenfieldorum (iNaturalist) (STRI WM), the Maya Hamlet Hypoplectrus maya (STRI WM) (IUCN), an anchovy Anchovia landivarensis (BHL), the Reticulate Clingfish Tomicodon lavettsmithi (STRI WM), the Coral Clingfish Tomicodon clarkei (STRI WM), and a cutthroat eel Dysomma tridens (Google Books).

Insects known only from Belize include a cave cricket Mayagryllus apterus (Smaller Majority) (iNaturalist), a mud cricket Ripipteryx mopana (ResearchGate), the Belize Gemmed Satyr Cyllopsis wellingi (iNaturalist) (Facebook), a cosmet moth Cosmopterix langmaidi (Wikipedia), a grass-miner moth Stephensia armata (ResearchGate), the Maya Knobtail Epigomphus maya (Florida Entomologist pdf), another dragonfly Erpetogomphus leptophis (iNaturalist) (BHL), an ant Strumigenys asaphes (AntWiki), a bee Scaptotrigona ascheri (KU pdf), a water beetle Copelatus yaguarete (ResearchGate), the longhorn beetles Styloleptus rhizophorae (GBIF) and Ataxia cayensis (BHL), a glowworm beetle Cenophengus tsiik (ZooKeys), the rove beetles Octavius belizensis (GBIF) and Mayatyphlus carltoni (Zootaxa pdf), a tortoise beetle Pseudostilpnaspis belizensis (Cassidinae of the World WM), a water penny beetle Belicinus rhomboideus (ResearchGate), a clown beetle Operclipygus lissipygus (ZooKeys), a planthopper Sinuala schmidti (GBIF), and a cave-dwelling assassin bug Triatoma mopan (ZooKeys).

Other endemic invertebrates include the tarantulas Citharacanthus meermani (iNaturalist) and Psalmopoeus maya (Biodiversity in Belize WM), a trapdoor spider Ummidia frankellerae (ZooKeys), a goblin spider Scaphiella cayo (AMNH WM), a cave-dwelling springtail Trogolaphysa jacobyi (ResearchGate), the whip spiders Charinus belizensis and Charinus reddelli (Gil Wizen), a cave-dwelling shrimp Macrobrachium catonium (BHL), a cave-dwelling crab Typhlopseudothelphusa acanthochela (iNaturalist), a hairy crab Pilumnus mantelattoi (GBIF), a mud crab Hexapanopeus klausruetzleri (GBIF), an amphipod Leucothoe mucifibrosa (PLAZI), an earthworm Eutrigaster georgei (ResearchGate), a freshwater worm Limnodrilus bulbiphallus (JSTOR), an undescribed cave millipede (p. 34 of SEI pdf), a remipede Xibalbanus cokei (ResearchGate), and several land snails: Eucalodium belizensis (BFREE), Rotadiscus saqui (BFREE pdf), Lucidella caldwelli (iNaturalist), Drymaeus tzubi (p. 2 of BFREE pdf), and Carychium belizeense (ZooKeys). Paucidentula anonyma (p. 86 of Naturalis pdf) is the sole member of a family on jaw worms known only from Belize.

Fungi known solely from Belize include Leccinellum viscosum (ResearchGate), Phaeotephrocybe leucophylla (fig. 4 at Springer), and Sarcodon quercophilus (ResearchGate). Marine algae known only from Belize include Anadyomene gigantodictyon (Smithsonian).

Belize is part of the Mesoamerica biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The Mesoamerican Reef (WWF) is the world's second largest barrier reef and forms a portion of the Western Caribbean coral reef hotspot (Columbia Univ. WM pdf). A checklist of Belize's endemic plant and animals species is at (Biodiversity in Belize WM).