Bermuda

The Bermuda Petrel or Cahow (eBird) (Bermuda Conservation) was once thought extinct and breeds only in Bermuda. The Bermuda White-eyed Vireo (Bermuda Conservation) is an endemic subspecies. The Bermuda Towhee (PBSW), the Bermuda Flicker (PBSW), the Bermuda Hawk (Smithsonian pdf), the Bermuda Night Heron (Smithsonian pdf), and the Bermuda Saw-whet Owl (Project Owlnet pdf) are extinct species that may have survived into historical times.

The Bermuda Skink (Bermuda Conservation) (ARKive WM) is the sole reptile unique to the island.

Two species of freshwater fish are sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus: the Bermuda Killifish Fundulus bermudae (Bermuda Conservation) (iNaturalist) and the Lover's Lake Killifish Fundulus relictus (STRI WM).

Marine fish known only from Bermuda include the Bermuda Chromis Chromis bermudae (STRI WM), the Bermuda Anchovy Anchoa choerostoma (iNaturalist) (STRI WM), Bermuda Halfbeak Hemiramphus bermudensis (STRI WM) (iNaturalist), the Bermuda Silverstripe Halfbeak Hyporhamphus collettei (Fishes of the W Atlantic WM), the Bermuda Tilefish Caulolatilus bermudensis (STRI WM), the Bermuda Goby Lythrypnus mowbrayi (STRI WM), the Bermuda Bream Diplodus bermudensis (Bermuda BREAM) (iNaturalist), and the still undescribed Bermuda Creole Wrasse (ResearchGate).

Bermuda has over 60 endemic cave invertebrates (CaveBiology.com WM) including a shrimp Procaris chacei (CaveBiology.com WM), an isopod Arubolana aruboides (ARKive WM), the amphipods Pseudoniphargus grandimanus (ARKive WM) and Idunella verrilli (ResearchGate), a copepod Antrisocopia prehensilis (CaveBiology.com WM), an endemic genus of opossum shrimp Bermudamysis speluncola (ARKive WM) and an endemic order of crustacean, the Mictacea (CaveBiology.com WM).

Arthropods found exclusively on Bermuda include the extinct Bermuda Flightless Grasshopper Paroxya bermudensis (OSF), the possibly extinct Bermuda Cicada Tibicen bermudiana (Bermuda Conservation), the moths Bucculatrix rhombophora (iNaturalist) and Oenoe euphrantis (iNaturalist), a wasp Rhynchalastor bermudensis (p. 24 of Oxford WM pdf), a soldier fly Odontomyia bermudensis (GBIF), a horse fly Tabanus atlanticus (GBIF), a blow fly Lucilia problematica (GBIF), a marsh fly Hoplodictya kincaidi (GBIF), a millipede Julus bermudanus (BHL), and several spiders: Habronattus nesiotus (jumping-spiders.com), Misumessus blackwalli (BHL), and Anyphaena bermudensis (Internet Archive).

Molluscs unique to Bermuda include a freshwater limpet Ancylus bermudensis (Bermuda Conservation), a freshwater clam Pisidium volutabundum (p. 9 of Bermuda Conservation pdf), and several land snails: Poecilozonites (IUCN), Vertigo bermudensis and Vertigo numellata (both at Royal Gazette), Punctum bristoli (BHL), and Succinea bermudensis (BHL) (iNaturalist). Endemic marine molluscs include the spindle shells Fusinus lightbourni (femorale WM) and Bullockus guesti (Eddie Hardy), a sea slug Hypselodoris (or Felimere) zebra (iNaturalist) (Sea Slug Forum WM), a murex Timbellus lightbourni (GBIF), Turbonilla leuca (fig. 18 at BHL), Rissoina harryleei (Jaxshells WM), and a cone shell Conus lightbourni (Eddie Hardy).

Other endemic invertebrates include a hermit crab Calcinus verrilli (Rodrigues Lab) (iNaturalist), a cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes anthophilus (fig. C at ResearchGate), a smiling worm Prosadenoporus agricola (BHL) (IUCN), a starfish Copidaster schismochilus (WoRMS), and a coral Rhizopsammia bermudensis (ResearchGate). Families of marine creatures known only from Bermuda include a jaw worm Problognathia minima (ResearchGate pdf) and a ribbon worm Pachynemertes obesa (BHL).

There are about a dozen species of vascular plants restricted to Bermuda. The most seriously threatened is the Governor Laffan's Fern Diplazium laffanianum (Bermuda Conservation) which was extinct in the wild, but reintroduction attempts are now occurring (p. 3 of Audubon WM pdf). Other endemic plants include the Bermuda Cedar Juniperus bermudiana (iNaturalist) (IUCN), the Bermuda Palm Sabal bermudana (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), the Bermuda Sedge Carex bermudiana (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Pepper Peperomia septentrionalis (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Olivewood Elaeodendron laneanum (iNaturalist) (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermudiana Sisyrinchium bermudiana (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Bean Phaseolus lignosus (Bermuda Conservation), Darrell's Fleabane Erigeron darrellianus (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Shield Fern Goniopteris bermudiana (iNaturalist), and the Bermuda Maidenhair Fern Adiantum bellum (iNaturalist).

Endemic mosses include Trichostomum bermudanum (GBIF) (BHL).and Campylopus bermudianus (Bermuda Conservation) (ResearchGate). Endemic fungi indlude Entoloma helictum (GBIF) and Plectania seaveri (ResearchGate). Endemic lichens include Angiactis bermudensis (ResearchGate), Bactrospora flavopruinosa (GBIF), Fellhanera scottii (Semantic Scholar pdf), and Lithothelium bermudense (Bermuda Lichens pdf). Endemic marine algae include Champia insularis (ResearchGate), Dichotomaria huismanii (De Gruyter), Dasya sylviae (GBIF), and Griffithsia aestivana (ResearchGate).

Bermuda is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and comprises the Bermuda Subtropical Conifer Forests ecoregion (EoE). An overview of Bermuda's animals and plants can be found at (ResearchGate), in the Bermuda Biodiversity Country Study (biodiversityactionplan.bm pdf), and in the account at (JNCC WM pdf). Accounts of a number of endemic species can be found at (gov.bm pdf).