Bulgaria
Bulgaria
is home to
about 170 species of vascular plants found nowhere else. These
include Primula
deorum (plantwatching WM),
the Rila Oak Quercus
protoroburoides (ResearchGate),
Cyanus diospolitanus
(Internet
Archive), Dianthus urumoffii (Bulgarian Flora Online),
Jasione bulgarica (iNaturalist),
Ranunculus
stojanovii
(Bulgarian
Flora Online), Viola
rhodopeia (plantwatching WM), Rhinanthus javorkae (Bulgarian Flora Online),
Onosma malkarmayorum
(FotoNet), Alyssum pirinicum (iNaturalist),
Marrubium
friwaldskyanum
(Bulgarian Flora
Online), Medicago
rhodopea (Bulgarian
Flora Online), Verbascum davidoffii
(Natura
Tours WM), Limonium
bulgaricum (MOEW
pdf), Centaurea
pseudoaxillaris (Bulgarian
Flora Online), Anthemis regis-borisii
(Facebook),
Astragalus wilmottianus
(Internet
Archive), Campanula
nejceffii
(Species
New to Science), Thymus
jalasianus (ResearchGate),
Betonica bulgarica (Semantic
Scholar), Galium velenovskyi (iNaturalist), Arenaria
rhodopaea (plantwatching WM),
Isoetes pirinica (ResearchGate), Sideritis elica (MDPI), and Satureja
rumelica (Nora
Goosen).
Pirinia koenigii (Preslia
pdf) is an endemic genus.
Freshwater fish restricted to Bulgaria include
the Vit Sculpin Cottus
haemusi (balkanrivers.net) and the Mandras Bleak Alburnus
mandrensis (balkanrivers.net). The
Rhodopean Spined Loach Cobitis
rhodopensis
(BHL) is sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread Cobitis strumicae.
The Danube Delta Gudgeon Romanogobio
antipai (ResearchGate)
may also survive only in Bulgaria.
Endemic mammals include the Bulgarian Blind Mole-rat Nannospalax bulgaricus (ScienceDirect) (ResearchGate).
Among the insects unique to Bulgaria are the ants Tetramorium (or Teleutomyrmex) buschingeri
(AntWiki)
and Strongylognathus bulgaricus (BDJ), the mining bees Andrena
kocoureki and Andrena
pirinia (both at ResearchGate),
an owlet moth Syngrapha
rilaecacuminum (lepiforum),
a leafcutter moth Incurvaria
pirinella (Nota
Lepidopterologica), a twirler moth Scrobipalpa jariorum
(lepiforum),
a planthopper Tshurtshurnella
decempunctata (ResearchGate),
and the bush crickets Isophya
gulae (IUCN)
and Isophya plevnensis
(IUCN).
Cave beetles restricted to Bulgaria include Paralovricia beroni (ResearchGate), Bulgariella tranteevi (NMNHS), Protamaurops bulgaricus (GBIF), Pheggomisetes buresi (ResearchGate), and two species of Laemostenus (Museu de Ciencies Naturals WM pdf). Other beetles endemic to Bulgaria include a longhorn beetle Phytoecia (or Pilemia) serriventris (BioLib) (NMNHS pdf), the ground beetles Duvalius bekchievi (ResearchGate) and Trechus gulickai (fig. 7 at ResearchGate), a leaf beetle Rhodopaea angelovi (Chrysomelidae of Europe WM), a dung beetle Lethrus perun (GBIF), the click beetles Athous balcanicus (Elateridae) and Dima orientalis (GBIF), a rove beetle Eutheia bekchievi (GBIF), and a weevil Echinomorphus balcanicus (BHL).
Other endemic invertebrates include the spiders Inermocoelotes jurinitschi (Spinnen Wiki) and Antrohyphantes sofianus (ResearchGate), the harvestmen Paralola buresi (ResearchGate) and Cyphophthalmus paradoxus (p. 141 of MOEW pdf), the scorpions Euscorpius drenskii (Euscorpius pdf) and Euscorpius thracicus (Euscorpius pdf), the millipedes Rhodopodesmus niveus (ZooKeys) and Typhloiulus orpheus (ResearchGate), a centipede Eupolybothrus andreevi (NMNHS), the isopod crustaceans Protelsonia lakatnicensis (p. 138 of MOEW pdf) and Bureschia bulgarica (ResearchGate), a copepod crustacean Parastenocaris bulgarica (p. 137 of MOEW pdf), and the earthworms Allolobophora bulgarica (BHL) and Dendrobaena misirlioglui (GBIF).
Among the 57 land snails known only from Bulgaria (Univ. Plovdiv WM pdf) are Helicigona ardica (AnimalBase WM), Alinda vratzatica (conchology.be WM), Bulgarica pseudofraudigera (IUCN), Micridyla pinteri (AnimalBase WM), Laciniaria macilenta (AnimalBase WM), Vitrea ulrichi (ResearchGate), Cattania sztolcmani (iNaturalist), Tandonia piriniana (IUCN), and Macedonica martae (IUCN). Endemic freshwater snails include Belgrandiella angelovi (ResearchGate), Bythinella hansboetersi (malaco.de WM pdf), Bithynia beloslavensis (figs. 7-9 at ResearchGate), Radomaniola rhodopensis (ARKive WM), Grossuana falniowskii (ResearchGate), Hauffenia lucidula (p. 149 of MOEW pdf), Polatenia sinuiapertura (ResearchGate), and Devetakia pandurskii (ResearchGate).
Lichens known only from Bulgaria include Ramalina euxini (GBIF). Fungi known only from Bulgaria include Suhomyces rilaensis (Fungal Planet WM pdf)
For an overview of endemic species in Bulgaria see Biogeography and Ecology of
Bulgaria (Google
Books).