Comoros

Each of the major islands of the Comoros has its own unique owl: the Anjouan Scops-owl (African Bird Club WM) (eBird), the Moheli Scops-owl (eBird), and the Grand Comoro Scops-owl (eBird). Other birds found nowhere else include the Comoros Blue Vanga (Markus Lagerqvist), the Comoro Parrot (Markus Lagerqvist), the Comoro Green Pigeon (eBird), Humblot’s Sunbird (eBird), the Anjouan Sunbird (eBird), the Moheli Brush Warbler (eBird) (Biodiversity Comores WM), the Mount Karthala White-eye (eBird), the Comoro Thrush (eBird), the Comoro Cuckooshrike (eBird), the Moheli Bulbul (eBird), and the Comoro Drongo (eBird). The Grand Comoro Flycatcher (eBird) is an endemic genus. A total of 34 endemic species of birds are recognized as full species at (p. 5 of CloudBirders pdf).

Bats restricted to the Comoros include the Comoro Flying Fox (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), the Comoro Rousette (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), and the Anjouan Myotis (iNaturalist) (p. 21 of Univ. Geneve pdf).

Endemic reptiles include the Comoro Flapnose Chameleon Furcifer cephalolepis (flickr) (iNaturalist), the Comoro Day Gecko Phelsuma comorensis (iNaturalist), the Comoro Dwarf Day Gecko Phelsuma v-nigra (iNaturalist) (Biodiversity Comores WM), the Comoro Ground Gecko Paroedura sanctijohannis (fig 8H at ZooKeys), the Comoro Clawless Gecko Ebenavia tuelinae (fig. 4c at ResearchGate), the snake-eyed skinks Cryptoblepharus ater (iNaturalist) and Cryptoblepharus quinquetaeniatus (iNaturalist) (p. 124 of Mark O'Shea pdf), the Coconut Palm Snake Lycodryas cococola (Reptile Database), and the Comoro Worm Snake Madatyphlops comorensis (fig. 5d at ZooKeys).

Endemic marine fish include a moray eel Gymnothorax hansi (fig. 4D at ResearchGate), the Goldlined Dottyback Pseudochromis aureolineatus (fig. H at BHL), a combtooth blenny Mimoblennius cas (GBIF) (fig. 9 at Smithsonian pdf), and a sole Aseraggodes brevirostris (FishBase).

Butterflies known only from the Comoros include Mylothris ngaziya (iNaturalist), Telchinia (or Acraea) masaris (iNaturalist), Neptis comorarum (iNaturalist), Neptis cormilloti (iNaturalist), Heteropsis comorensis (iNaturalist), Charaxes nicati (BOLD), Charaxes viossati (BOLD), Charaxes paradoxa (BOLD), and the swallowtails Papilio aristophontes (iNaturalist) and Graphium levassori (p. 71 of Metamorphosis pdf). Endemic moths include Fodinoidea pupieri (AfroMoths WM), Chloroclystis comorana (BOLD), and Stenochora comorensis (AfroMoths WM).

Other endemic insects include the stick insects Adelophasma anjouanense (ResearchGate) and Achrioptera hugeli (ResearchGate), a mantis Danuriella anjouanensis (GBIF), the grasshoppers Cryptomastax comoroensis (GBIF) and Pissodogryllacris picea (OSF), a katydid Parapyrrhicia insularis (GBIF), a cricket Ornebius euryxiphus (ResearchGate), a cicada Yanga viettei (GBIF), the longhorn beetles Sternotomis pupieri (Cerambycoidea.com) and Sternotomis levassori (Biodiversité des Comores WM), a rhinoceros beetle Oryctes comoriensis (GBIF), the scarab beetles Joziratia desruisseauxi (GBIF) and Djadjoua viettei (Hannetons WM), a flower beetle Leucocelis pauliani (BHL), a jewel beetle Polybothris comorica (Jewel Beetles), a click beetle Phibisa viossati (SEF pdf), a vivid metallic ground beetle Chlaenius moheliensis (p. 34 of Entomofauna WM pdf), a darkling beetle Uloma comorensis (fig. 2 at BHL), a mayfly Nigrobaetis richardi (GBIF), a dragonfly Nesocordulia villiersi (IUCN), a termite Nasutitermes comorensis (figs. 32-33 at IRD pdf), a fungus gnat Mohelia nigricauda (BHL), a digger wasp Sphex comorensis (GBIF), and the ants Pheidole vulcan (AntWiki) and Tetramorium karthala (AntWiki).

Other endemic invertebrates include a pholcid spider Spermophora lambilloni (fig. 25 on p. 5 of Pholcidae WM pdf), a mysmenid spider Microdipoena (or Anjouanella) comorensis (Tree of Life WM), a jumping spider Veissella milloti (p. 17 of Peckham Soc. pdf), a harvestman Hinzuanius comorensis (fig. 16 at UFRJ pdf), a millipede Cnemodesmella comoroensis (MilliBase), and several land snails: Gulella decaryi (MNHN), Tropidophora humbloti (GBIF), Rachis humbloti (GBIF), and Macrochlamys corusca (GBIF).

Orchids unique to the Comoros include Angraecum scottianum (Biodiversity Comores WM), Bulbophyllum comorianum (JSTOR) (iNaturalist), Jumellea anjouanensis (IOSPE WM), Jumellea pailleri (iNaturalist), Angraecopsis pobeguinii (IOSPE WM), Cynorkis comorensis (iNaturalist), and Aeranthes virginalis (flickr). Additional plants found nowhere else include a giant heath Erica comorensis (GBIF), a yam Dioscorea comorensis (IUCN), Hubertia humblotii (GBIF), Aloe alexandrei (PBase), Erythroxylum labatii (GBIF), Tambourissa comorensis (Plantes et botanique WM), Impatiens wibkeae (JSTOR), Gyrostipula comorensis (GBIF), Cyphostemma comorense (JSTOR), Ivodea moheliensis (GBIF) (ResearchGate), Anisotes comorensis (GBIF), and a fern Ctenitis comorensis (GBIF).

Endemic palms include Dypsis lanceolata (PACSOA WM), Ravenea hildebrandtii (ARKive WM), and Ravenea moorei (Palm Pedia). Other endemic trees include Gyrostipula comorensis (GBIF) (PLAZI), Polyscias felicis (GBIF), Syzygium tringiense (GBIF), and Dombeya polyphylla (JSTOR).

Endemic non-vascular plants include the liverworts Cololejeunea bandamiae (GBIF) and Cheilolejeunea compressa (GBIF) and the mosses Anoectangium humblotii (GBIF) and Holomitrium comorense (GBIF).

The nation is included in the Comoros Forests ecoregion (WWF WM) and is part of the Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The CBD Strategy and Action Plan can be found at (CBD pdf). For an overview of the insects of the Comoros see (IRD pdf).