Croatia

Freshwater fish unique to Croatia include the Krbava Dace (balkanrivers.net), the Croatian Dace (balkanrivers.net), the Konavle Dace (balkanrivers.net), the Karst Dace (balkanrivers.net), the Zrmanja Chub (FishBase), the Dalmatian Minnow (balkanrivers.net) (p. 80 of ResearchGate pdf), the Jadova Minnow (balkanrivers.net), the Krbava Minnow (balkanrivers.net), the Krka Minnow (ResearchGate), the Dalmatian Spined Loach (balkanrivers.net), and the Jadova Spined Loach (balkanrivers.net).

The millipedes of the genus Biokoviella (p. 24 of HBSD pdf) (ResearchGate) are now considered an endemic subfamily, while the recently described millipede Dalmatosoma agaricum (ResearchGate) is the only member of an endemic family, the Dalmatosomatidae.

Among numerous cave invertebrates known only from Croatia are the round fungus beetles Radziella styx (Cholevinae of the World) and Leptomeson bujasi (CBSS WM), the rove beetles Machaerites pavleki (CBSS WM) and Thaumastocephalus slavkoi (GBIF), the ground beetles Derossiella lukici (BHL) and Biokovoaphenopsis radici (p. 78 of Hrcak pdf), a carrion beetle Velebitodromus ozrenlukici (ResearchGate), a non-biting midge Troglocladius hajdi (fig. 5D at MDPI), a springtail Neelus lackovici (ResearchGate), the snails Zospeum tholussum (Subterr. Biol.) and Meledella werneri (p. 16 of Univ. Zagreb pdf) (iNaturalist), a leech Croatobranchus mestrovi (speleologija.eu), a planarian Dugesia absoloni (p. 164 of ResearchGate pdf), a subterranean freshwater sponge Eunapias subterraneus (HBSD) (ResearchGate), the centipedes Geophilus hadesi (ZooKeys) and Eupolybothrus cavernicolus (GBIF), Krk's Iliric Woodlouse Alpioniscus christiani (Spilja Biserujka), a millipede Egonpretneria vudutschajldi (GBIF), the spiders Kryptonesticus deelemanae (Species New to Science) and Troglohyphantes brignolii (BDJ), the harvestmen Lola insularis (Semantic Scholar) and Travunia jandai (p. 312 of haop.hr pdf), a pseudoscorpion Protoneobisium biocovense (p. 54 of ResearchGate pdf), a shrimp Salmoneus sketi (p. 132 of ResearchGate pdf), and the freshwater amphipods Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis (ResearchGate) and Niphargus miljeticus (p. 15 of dabar pdf). A midge Troglocladius hajdi (ResearchGate) is the world's only known blind flying insect.

Other endemic insects include the bush-crickets Rhacocleis buchichii (pyrgus.de WM) and Barbitistes kaltenbachi (ZooKeys), a grasshopper Stenobothrus croaticus (IUCN), a geometer moth Mirlatia arcuata (ZooKeys), a grass-miner moth Elachista platamodes (GBIF), a twirler moth Megacraspedus tokari (fig. 28 at ZooKeys), a flower moth Scythris richteri (BHL), a potter wasp Leptochilus quintus (iNaturalist), a caddisfly Chaetopteryx bucari (ZooKeys), and a stonefly Isoperla popijaci (ZooKeys).

Other endemic invertebrates include the funnel-web spiders Inermocoelotes gasperinii (flickr) and Tegenaria croatica (p. 71 of SSSN pdf), a harvestman Siro ozimeci (p. 13 of EJT pdf), the scorpions Euscorpius croaticus (ResearchGate) and Alpiscorpius liburnicus (Hrčak pdf), a woodlouse Armadillidium stagnoense (iNaturalist), the freshwater snails Bithynia cettinensis (ARKive WM) and Lanzaia skradinensis (ARKive WM), and several land snails: Agathylla narentana (iNaturalist), Delima edmibrani (ResearchGate), Medora almissana (iNaturalist), Hypnophila zirjensis (ResearchGate), Vidovicia coerulans (iNaturalist), Tandonia bolensis (iNaturalist), and Cochlostoma cinerascens (AnimalBase WM).

Endemic vascular plant genera include Degenia (Gunther Blaich WM), Resetnikia (iNaturalist), and Dalmatocytisus (FCD). Also sometimes placed in an endemic genus (Cyathoselinum) is Seseli tomentosum (FCD).

Other vascular plants found only in Croatia include Iris adriatica (iNaturalist), Centaurea ragusina (Janjina), Cardaminopsis croatica (Gunther Blaich WM), Edraianthus dalmaticus (FCD), Hyacinthella dalmatica (Gunther Blaich WM), Allium croaticum (FCD), Puccinellia teyberi (FCD), Saxifraga velebitica (PBase), Crocus malyi (iNaturalist), Campanula cremnophila (ResearchGate), Dianthus velebiticus (FCD), Limonium cancellatum (iNaturalist), Arenaria orbicularis (FCD), Knautia dalmatica (FCD), Anthyllis dalmatica (ResearchGate), Ornithogalum dalmaticum (FCD), Bituminaria plumosa (iNaturalist), Asplenium hybridum (iNaturalist), Hedlundia (or Sorbus) velebitica (IUCN), Micromeria silicii (Phytotaxa), and an orchid Ophrys dinarica (Gunther Blaich WM).

Endemic fungi include Gloiocephala cerkezii (IUCN) and Conocybe caeruleobasis (ResearchGate). Marine algae known only from Croatia include Kallymenia ercegovicii (Taylor & Francis pdf).

Portions of Croatia are included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Among the nation's most important terrestrial ecoregions for endemic species are the Illyrian Deciduous Forests (WWF WM) and the Dinaric Mountains Mixed Forests (EoE). Dalmatia (FEOW WM) is an important freshwater ecoregion. An overview of Croatia's flora and fauna can be found in "Biodiversity of Croatia" (vusz.hr WM pdf). Endemic land snails are indicated at (ResearchGate).