El Salvador
El Salvador has about 27 species of vascular plants found nowhere else (p. 26 of Univ. El Salvador WM pdf) including the orchids Goodyera polyphylla (p. 6 of Taiwania WM pdf) and Ponthieva hameri (Harvard), a wood-sorrel Oxalis salvadorensis (p. 61 of US AID pdf), Machaerium franksullyvanii (BHL), Guapira witsbergeri (p. 60 of US AID pdf), Heterocentron purpureum (GBIF), Ageratum salvanaturae (ResearchGate), Lonchocarpus stenophyllus (BHL), Dioscorea salvadorensis (p. 55 of Univ. El Salvador WM pdf), Fleischmannia profusa (PhytoKeys), Thouinidium cyrilli-nelsonii (ZAMORANO pdf), Piper gerritii (Tropicos), and the ferns Anemia salvadorensis (GBIF) (BHL) and Elaphoglossum microproductum (JSTOR).
Trees
known only from El Salvador include
Daphnopsis witsbergeri
(GBIF), Hampea reynae
(GBIF), Podachaenium salvadorense
(ResearchGate),
Ateleia martinezii (GBIF),
Dalbergia salvanaturae
(JSTOR)
(IUCN), Citharexylum teclense
(GBIF),
Eugenia
shimishito (JSTOR)
(BHL),
and
Cedrela monroensis
(JSTOR).
Longhorn beetles unique to El Salvador include Brachyphoderes dehiscens
(Cerambycidae
Species WM), Eranina
sororcula (ResearchGate),
and Strangalia
cavei (Cerambycidae
Species WM). Other endemic insects include the leaf beetles Acallepitrix estebania
(naturalsciences.be)
and Oreinodera aptera
(Fig. B at ResearchGate),
a scarab beetle Gonaphodioides
cartwrighti (Univ.
Nebraska
pdf),
the rove beetles Seeversiella
badia (PLAZI)
and Stenus salvadorensis
(Internet
Archive),
a grasshopper Paralethus
insolitus (OSF),
a dragonfly Paltothemis
nicolae (Bio-Nica
WM
pdf) (IUCN),
a stick insect Autolyca
daemonia (iNaturalist)
(Phasmatodea.com
WM), a wasp moth Phoenicoprocta
chamboni (Smithsonian),
a prominent moth Boriza
nocens (Smithsonian),
a leafroller moth Paraptila
pseudogamma (Tortricid.net
WM),
a bee fly Ins
pectorcolumbo (GBIF),
a sun fly Neorhinotora
elsalvadorensis (GBIF),
the treehoppers Poppea
kovari (Smithsonian)
and Poppea vestigia
(Smithsonian),
a sweat bee Dinagapostemon
uyacanoides (Smithsonian),
and the ants Eurhopalothrix
apharogonia (AntWiki) and Apterostigma trapeziforme
(p. 55 of Univ.
Sao Paulo pdf).
Other
endemic invertebrates include a wandering spider Acanthoctenus virginea
(GBIF),
a
jumping spider Corythalia
chickeringi (corythalia.com),
the tarantulas Stichoplastoris
schusterae
(Tarantupedia)
and Longilyra
johnlonghorni (Tarantupedia)
(GBIF),
the harvestmen Meterginus
zilchi (iNaturalist)
and Cynorta
salvadorensis (fig. 7 on p. 3 of UFRJ
pdf), a centipede Sotimpius
salvadorensis (CHILOBASE),
the millipedes Cleidogona
mirabilis (BHL)
and Amplinus permundus
(BHL),
a velvet worm Heteroperipatus
engelhardi (iNaturalist),
the land snails Eucalodium
australis and Lysinoe
starretti (both at BHL),
a freshwater crab Potamocarcinus vulcanensis
(BHL),
and a freshwater copepod Iticocaris
itica (SciELO). Marine
molluscs known only from El Salvador include Coania rhypis (BHL)
and a moonclam Periploma
kaiserae
(GBIF).
Endemic freshwater fish include the Lago Coatepeque Convict Cichlid Amatitlania coatepeque
(ResearchGate).
Another freshwater fish Poeciliopsis
(or Priapichthys)
letonai
(fig. 11 at
SciELO)
(Field
Museum) has sometimes been considered distinct from the
Porthole Livebearer Poeciliopsis
gracilis (FishBase).
The Blackfin Specter-goby Akko rossi (STRI WM) is a marine fish known only from the Gulf of Fonseca. The Eastern Eel-slickhead Leptoderma ospesca (Smithsonian pdf) is a deep-sea fish known from a single specimen collected off El Salvador.
The Salvador Worm Salamander Oedipina salvadorensis (Carmona Lab) (iNaturalist) is an endemic amphibian.
Lichens known only from El Salvador include Astrothelium megochroleucum and Astrothelium neoinspersum (both at ResearchGate). Endemic non-vascular plants include a moss Ulota rhytiore (ResearchGate).
El Salvador is included in the Mesoamerica biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). An important area for endemic species is the Central American Pine-oak Forests ecoregion (EoE). For more information on the natural history of El Salvador see "Estado del Conocimiento de la Biodiversidad en El Salvador" (INBio WM pdf).