Falkland Islands
Birds unique to the Falklands include the Falkland Steamerduck (eBird), Cobb’s Wren (Falklands Conservation) (eBird), and the Blackish Cinclodes (iNaturalist). The Falkland Gentoo Penguin (iNaturalist) (Wiley) has recently been recognized as a full species.
The only endemic mammal, the Falkland Warrah or Falkland
Islands Wolf (GBIF),
became extinct in 1876.
Marine fishes known only from Falkland waters include the Crested Spiny Plunderfish Harpagifer palliolatus (BHL) (iNaturalist), the icefishes Paranotothenia trigramma (fig. 2 at BHL) and Patagonotothen kreffti (GBIF) (fig. 7.1n at Pampa Azul pdf), the snailfishes Careproctus minimus (BHL) and Careproctus maculosus (WoRMS), and the eelpouts Aiakas zinorum (Semantic Scholar) and Lycodonus malvinensis (FishBase).
Insects found only in the Falklands include a camel cricket Parudenus falklandicus
(iNaturalist)
(Insects
on Stamps),
the
moths Pareuxonia
falclandica and Borkhausenia falklandensis
((both
on p. 6 of Darwin
pdf) and Fernandocrambus
falklandicellus
(iNaturalist),
a twirler moth Scrobipalpula
saltans (ResearchGate),
a
grass moth Irenicodes
holdgatei (fig. 4 at ResearchGate),
the
weevils Caneorhinus
biangulatus (flickr)
(GBIF)
and Malvinius
compressiventris (iNaturalist)
and Falklandius
turbificatus (fig. 31 at BHL), the perimylopid beetles Darwinella
amaroides (fig. 10 at Internet
Archive) and Parahelops falklandicus (BHL), a water beetle Lancetes
falklandicus (p. 10 of Darwin
pdf), the flies Paractora moseleyi (iNaturalist) and Penola eudyptidis (GBIF),
an ichneumon wasp Trachysphyrus
penai (iNaturalist),
an aphid Pentamyzus falklandicus (BHL), and an endemic genus of stonefly Falklandoperla
kelper (GBIF).
Other endemic invertebrates include a genus of money spider Falklandoglenes (p. 75 of fig.gov.fk WM pdf), another money spider Notiomaso shackletoni (BOLD), a harvestman Haversia defensa (iNaturalist), a centipede Anopsobius macfaydeni (VMNH pdf), a freshwater snail Chilina falklandica (RBINS), a freshwater mussel Pisidium plenilunium (WMSDB), the polychaete worms Micromaldane shackletoni (GBIF) and Apistobranchus jasoni (ZooKeys), and several sponges (SMSG pdf) (ResearchGate).
Endemic vascular plants in the Falklands include the Hairy Daisy Erigeron incertus (IUCN), Moore's Plantain Plantago moorei (POWO), the Vanilla Daisy Leucheria suaveolens (iNaturalist), the Coastal Nassauvia Nassauvia gaudichaudii (iNaturalist), the Falklands Nassauvia Nassauvia falklandica (MbZ) (p. 5 of Falklands Conservation pdf), the Snakeplant Nassauvia serpens (iNaturalist), the False-plantain Nastanthus falklandicus (IUCN), the Smooth Ragwort Senecio vaginatus (iNaturalist), the Woolly Ragwort Senecio falklandicus (iNaturalist), the Silvery Buttercup Hamadryas argentea (IUCN), the Clubmoss Cudweed Chevreulia lycopodioides (ARKive WM), the Antarctic Cudweed Gamochaeta antarctica (IUCN), and the Lady’s Slipper Calceolaria fothergillii (iNaturalist). The Falkland Rock-cress Phlebolobium maclovianum (IUCN) (iNaturalist) is an endemic genus.
Endemic lichens (see Table 1 at Falklands Conservation pdf) include Acarospora malouina (IUCN WM), Buellia gypsyensis (IUCN WM), Bryoria mariensis (IUCN WM), Immersaria fuliginosa (IUCN), Lecania vermispora (IUCN), and Lithographa opegraphoides (IUCN WM). Endemic non-vascular plants include the liverworts Riccardia regularis (BHL) (JSTOR) and Schistochila subantarctica (BHL) (JSTOR).
The Falklands are a British overseas territory (see United Kingdom). More information on endemic Falkland species can be found at (JNCC WM pdf) and in the "Ubicacion Zoogeografica de las Islas Malvinas" (produccion-animal.com.ar pdf). The Falkland Islands State of the Environment Report 2008 (fig.gov.fk WM pdf) provides an overview of current knowledge of the biodiversity of the Falklands.