Fiji

Birds found only in Fiji include the Red-throated Lorikeet (NatureFiji), the Barking Imperial Pigeon (eBird), the Fiji Goshawk (eBird), the Fiji Petrel (BHL), the Ogea Monarch (NatureFiji), the Fiji Whistler (eBird), the Azure-crested Flycatcher (eBird), the Rotuma Myzomela (ARKive WM), the Yellow-billed Honeyeater (eBird), the Kikau (eBird), the Kadavu Fantail (eBird), the Fiji White-eye (eBird), the Fiji Bush Warbler (eBird), the Long-legged Thicketbird (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), the Black-throated Shrikebill (eBird), the Fiji Woodswallow (iNaturalist), and the Pink-billed Parrotfinch (iNaturalist). Endemic genera include the Orange Dove (eBird), the Masked Shining Parrot (eBird), the Collared Lory (WPT), the Kadavu Honeyeater (eBird), and the Natewa Silktail (eBird).

The Fijian Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (NatureFiji) (ARKive WM) is an endemic mammal.

Reptiles unique to Fiji include the Fiji Crested Iguana Brachylophus vitiensis (ARKive WM), the Fiji Banded Iguana Brachylophus bulabula (Ryan Photographic), the Gau Iguana Brachylophus gau (GBIF), the Rotuma Forest Gecko Lepidodactylus gardineri (IUCN), the Fiji Forest Gecko Lepidodactylus manni (Ryan Photographic), the Onoilau Skink Leiolopisma alazon (IUCN), the Viti Levu Mountain Tree Skink Emoia campbelli (Ryan Photographic), the Vanua Levu Slender Skink Emoia mokosariniveikau (BHL), the Fiji Slender Skink Emoia concolor (iNaturalist), the Fiji Copper-headed Skink Emoia parkeri (iNaturalist) (BHL), the Rotuma Barred Tree Skink Emoia oriva (ResearchGate), and the Fiji Snake-eyed Skink Cryptoblepharus eximius (iNaturalist). The Fiji Burrowing Snake or Bola Ogmodon vitianus (ARKive WM) is an endemic genus.

Two amphibians are known solely from Fiji: the Fiji Tree Frog (Ryan Photographic) (iNaturalist) and the Fiji Ground Frog (NatureFiji).

Freshwater fish restricted to Fiji include a dartfish Parioglossus triquetrus (p. 22 of Australian Museum pdf) and several freshwater gobies including the Orange-spotted Scaleless Goby Schismatogobius vitiensis (FishBase), Lever's Goby Redigobius leveri (Ryan Photographic), the Lekutu Goby Redigobius lekutu (FishBase), and several still undescribed species (for example plates 1, 25, 29, 33, 35, & 36 in USP WM pdf). The Orange-spotted Therapon Mesopristes kneri (FishBase) is found in both freshwater and marine environments.

Endemic marine fish include the Bicolored Foxface Siganus uspi (iNaturalist), the Twilight Fangblenny Petroscirtes pylei (ResearchGate), the Fiji Sponge Goby Bryaninops dianneae (Ryan Photographic) (iNaturalist), the Reticulated Shrimpgoby Tomiyamichthys reticulatus (FishBase), the gobies Cryptocentrus nanus (Species New to Science) and Eviota eyreae (p. 15 of OSF WM pdf), a garden eel Gorgasia thamani (BHL), the Blue Velvet Angelfish Centropyge deborae (GBIF), Marjorie's Fairy Wrasse Cirrhilabrus marjorie (iNaturalist), the Fiji Anthias Plectranthias fijiensis (Internet Archive), a lizardfish Synodus pylei (FishBase), an anchovy Encrasicholina auster (Taylor & Francis), a coralbrotula Diancistrus fijiensis (BHL), the combtooth blennies Meiacanthus oualanensis (iNaturalist) and Ecsenius fijiensis (iNaturalist), and the Fijian Velvet Skate Notoraja fijiensis (Internet Archive). Eschmeyer nexus (BHL) (Smithsonian) is the sole species in an endemic subfamily Eschmeyerinae.

Endemic butterflies include the swallowtails Papilio schmeltzi (iNaturalist) (ATL pdf) and Papilio natewa (NHM-London), the Fijian Emperor Polyura caphontis (iNaturalist), the ringlets Ypthima sesara (iNaturalist) and Ypthima fulvida (iNaturalist), and the Fijian Eggfly Hypolimnas inopinata (p. 31 of FAO WM pdf) (iNaturalist), Endemic moths include the hawk moths Gnathothlibus fijiensis (iNaturalist) and Psilogramma jordana (iNaturalist), a uraniid moth Urapteroides anerces (Moths in Fiji), a tussock moth Calliteara fidjiensis (iNaturalist), the erebid moths Ptochosiphla oedipus (Moths in Fiji) and Tholocoleus astrifer (Moths in Fiji), a geometer moth Mesurodes erichlora (iNaturalist), a cossid moth Acritocera negligens (iNaturalist), and a noctuid moth Sarbanissa bostrychonota (Moths in Fiji).

The Giant Fijian Longhorn Beetle Xixuthrus heros (NatureFiji) (GBIF) is the world's second largest beetle. Other endemic insects include the damselflies Nesobasis erythrops (iNaturalist) and Indolestes vitiensis (Bishop Museum WM) (iNaturalist), a jewel beetle Paracupta sulcata (The Flying Kiwi), the longhorn beetles Ceresium tuberculatum (ZooKeys) and Distenia dillonorum (Bishop Museum WM pdf), a tiger beetle Polyrhanis vitiensis (iNaturalist) (fig. 5 at BHL), a hister beetle Gomyopsis kuscheli (AntWiki), the weevils Rhinoscapha lagopyga (iNaturalist) and Bulbogaster ctenostomoides (Insects on Stamps) (iNaturalist), the cicadas Raiateana knowlesi (NatureFiji) and Aceropyga corynetus (iNaturalist), a genus of ants Poecilomyrma (AntWiki), a fruit-farming ant Philidris nagasau (New Scientist), the bees Homalictus terminalis (Mongabay) and Hylaeus albaeus (Frontiers), the crickets Giganteremus spinulosus (OSF) and Fijixipha naitasiri (Google Books), the katydids Ocica lutescens (OSF) and Acauloplacella oceanica (iNaturalist), the pygmy grasshoppers Exanimus somniator and Fijitettix teo (both at Species New to Science), a robber fly Promachus graeffei (iNaturalist), and the stick insects Nisyrus spinulosus (NatureFiji) and Cotylosoma dipneusticum (colnect) and Hermarchus apollonius (iNaturalist).

Other endemic invertebrates include the jumping spiders Xenocytaea victoriensis (fig. 29 at BHL) and Lagnus monteithorum (jumping-spiders.com), an orbweaver Argiope pentagona (iNaturalist), a trapdoor spider Fijocrypta vitilevu (BHL), a harvestman Zalmoxis roeweri (GBIF), a millipede Salpidobolus fijianus (BHL), a freshwater shrimp Caridina devaneyi (ResearchGate), a land crab Sesarmops atrorubens (iNaturalist), an earthworm Polypheretima neglecta (fig. 1d at Taylor & Francis pdf), the freshwater snails Fijidoma maculata (WNS Stamps WM) and Acochlidium fijiense (Sea Slug Forum WM), and several land snails Placostylus guanensis (p. 44 of USP WM pdf), Gonatorhaphe stricta (p. 23 of Bishop Museum WM pdf), Partula leefei (GBIF), Sinployea rotumana (GBIF), Ba humbugi (Wikipedia), Fijianella cornucopia (WMSDB), and Diancta macrostoma (ZooKeys). Endemic marine invertebrates include an amphipod crustacean Gitana bilobata (Semantic Scholar), Nautilus vitiensis (ZooKeys), a cone snail Conus fijisulcata (Eddie Hardy), a murex snail Chicoreus kaitomoei (figs. 21-26 at BHL), and a cowrie Austrasiatica deforgesi (Eddie Hardy).

Trees found exclusively in Fiji include the masiratus Degeneria roseiflora (gigantopteroid.org WM) and Degeneria vitiensis (Flora of the World WM), the only members of the endemic family Degeneriaceae. Other endemic tree genera include Amaroria (Flora of the World) (iNaturalist), Gillespiea (BHL), and Hedstromia (JSTOR) (BHL). Endemic palms include the Vilaito (ARKive WM), the Solitary Palm (ARKive WM), Thurston’s Fan Palm (PACSOA WM), and Balaka macrocarpa (NatureFiji). Other endemic trees include the Fiji Christmas Bush (POWO), Hibiscus storckii (ResearchGate), the Yaka (RBGE), the Drautabua (NatureFiji), Gymnostoma vitiense (BHL), Ficus bambusifolia (Flora of the World WM), Plerandra pickeringii (figs. 41-45 at Dot.net pdf), Medusanthera vitiensis (Flora of the World WM), the Cibicibi (NatureFiji), Eumachia membranacea (fig. A on p. 12 of ResearchGate), Pterocymbium oceanicum (NatureFiji), and Pipturus platyphyllus (Wikipedia).

Other vascular plants among the over 800 species unique to Fiji include the national flower, the Tagimaucia (NatureFiji) (iNaturalist), Hoya megalantha (flickr), an ant plant Squamellaria grayi (ResearchGate), Heliconia paka (POWO), Cyrtandra gregoryi (ResearchGate), Sphaeropteris (or Cyathea) microlepidota (Te Papa), Tectaria godeffroyi (fig. F at ResearchGate), Heliconia paka (POWO), Alpinia parksii (POWO), Hydnophytum grandiflorum (BHL), and several orchids: Bulbophyllum phillipsianum (gigantopteroid.org WM), Grammatophyllum elegans (iNaturalist), Porpax (or Eria) bulbophylloides (BHL), and Dendrobium prasinum (IOSPE WM).

Endemic lichens include Megalospora austropacifica (100 New Lichens WM) and Thelotrema fijiense (100 New Lichens WM). Endemic non-vascular plants include the liverworts Leptolejeunea latilobula (MNHN) and Cololejeunea bifalcata (ResearchGate) and the mosses Chaetomitrium smithii (GBIF) and Distichophyllum graeffeanum (GBIF). Endemic marine macroalgae include Meristotheca peltata (figs. 16-24 at ResearchGate).

Fiji includes the Fiji Dry Tropical Forests (EoE) and Fiji Tropical Moist Forests (EoE) ecoregions and is part of the Polynesia-Micronesia biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). An overview of Fiji's biodiversity can be found in its Convention on Biological Diversity report (CBD pdf) and at (marine ecology consulting pdf).