Georgia

Among the 380 vascular plant species known only from Georgia are a birch Betula megrelica (GTC WM), Muscari alpanicum (mobot), Iris winogradowii (flickr), a pear Pyrus sachokiana (Nat'l Geo.), Macha Wheat Triticum macha (ETH Zürich WM), Cyclamen colchicum (Cyclamen Soc.), Gymnospermium smirnowii (mobot), Pulsatilla georgica (iNaturalist), Allium candolleanum (mobot), Helleborus abchasicus (mobot), Betonica abchasica (mobot), Cephalaria sosnowskyi (Nat'l. Geo.), Anthemis zyghia (mobot), Kemulariella tugana (mobot), Astragalus tanae (p. 2 of science.org.ge WM pdf), Scorzonera ketzkhoweli (mobot), Sempervivum sosnowskyi (mobot), Sempervivum charadzeae (fernwood-nursery.co.uk WM), Echinops foliosus (iNaturalist), Thymus tiflisiensis (iNaturalist), Campanula dzaaku (mobot), and Campanula kolakovskyi (mobot). Chymsydia (GBIF) (BHL) is an endemic genus.

Endemic freshwater fish include a loach Oxynoemacheilus phasicus (GBIF), the Alazani Goby Ponticola alasanicus (BDJ), and a scraper Capoeta svanetica (ResearchGate). There is controversy over whether the only known specimens of the catfish Silurus chantrei (GBIF) came from the Kura River in Georgia or instead from the Tigris-Euphrates region.

A rock lizard Darevskia arribasi (Species New to Science) was described in 2023.

Invertebrates known only from the world's deepest cave, Krubera-Voronya (ResearchGate), include the springtails Anurida stereoodorata and Plutomurus ortobalaganensis (both at Science), a millipede Heterocaucaseuma deprofundum (GBIF), an amphipod Kruberia abchasica (Arthropoda Selecta pdf), a round fungus beetle Catops cavicis (Karst Worlds WM), and a ground beetle Duvalius abyssimus (Passion Entomologie). Other cave-dwelling endemic invertebrates include the shrimps Troglocaris kumistavi (Species New to Science) and Xiphocaridinella otapi (GBIF), a woodlouse Caucasoligidium cavernicola (iNaturalist), the amphipod crustaceans Zenkevitchia yakovi (EurekAlert!) and Niphargus iniochus (Arthropoda Selecta pdf), the freshwater snails Caucasogeyeria colchis (ZooKeys) and Plagigeyeria horatieformis (p. 32 of zin.ru pdf), a harvestman Nemaspela prometheus (ResearchGate), the millipedes Leucogeorgia prometheus (CaBOL) and Anamastigona mauriesi (Arthropoda Selecta pdf), the leeches Dina rachaensis (Rufford) and Trocheta ariescornuta (ResearchGate), a rove beetle Bergrothia barbakadzei (GBIF), and a ground beetle Taniatrechus setosus (zin.ru).

Insects restricted to Georgia include the ground beetles Carabus daphnis (zin.ru) and Pterostichus neilgaimani (ResearchGate), a soldier beetle Malthodes adjaricus (SZMN WM), the leaf beetles Longitarsus pubescens (Chrysomelidae of Europe WM) and Chrysolina adzharica (Chrysomelidae of Europe WM), the longhorn beetles Cortodera goriensis (iNaturalist) and Conizonia georgiana (Cerambycidae WM), the rove beetles Caucanthobium mirandum (ZOBODAT pdf) and Geostiba brevifistula (fig. 1 at Semantic Scholar pdf), a click beetle Athous szalokii (GBIF), a plant bug Myrmecophyes nasutus (ZooKeys), an aphid Aphidura jimoi (GBIF), a katydid Parapholidoptera georgiae (Academia), the ants Aphaenogaster muschtaidica (AntWiki) and Myrmoxenus tamarae (ResearchGate), a mayfly Nigrobaetis katerynae (GBIF), a caddisfly Kelgena tolaka (p. 162 of REAL pdf), and a stonefly Leuctra khachapuri (GBIF).

Other endemic arthropods include a wishbone spider Raveniola adjarica (GBIF), a wolf spider Pardosa alasaniensis (Caucasian Spiders), a crab spider Synema inexpectata (Caucasiana), a hacklemesh weaver Amaurobius caucasicus (GBIF), a harvestman Phalangium mcheidzeae (p. 14 of RCIN pdf), a pseudoscorpion Cornuroncus chavchavadzei (GBIF), and the millipedes Pseudoflagellophorella mirabilis (GBIF) and Syrioiulus adsharicus (ZooKeys).

Land snails and slugs unique to Georgia (a list of endemic species is at Rufford pdf) include Boettgerilla compressa (Wikipedia), Peristoma boettgeri (iNaturalist), Poiretia mingrelica (Rufford), Acrotoma eguriensis (p. 27 of Tentacle pdf), Caucasocressa ibera (CeNak WM), Renea caucasica (GBIF), Pilorcula pusilla (Univ. Hamburg), Quadriplicata dipolauchen (iNaturalist), Mucronaria kartvelica (GBIF), Fruticocampylaea kobensis (iNaturalist), Poiretia mingrelica (CeNak WM), Vitrea praetermissa (WMSDB), Elia tuschetica (GBIF), Pontophaedusa gregoi (GBIF), and Conulopolita raddei (Femorale WM).

Fungi known only from Georgia include Cantharellus roseofagetorum (GBD WM).

Georgia forms part of two biodiversity hotspots: the Caucasus (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and the Irano-Anatolian (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). A listing of endemic genera of cave-dwelling invertebrates is at (p. 6 of Rufford pdf) and a list indicating endemic millipedes is at (ZooKeys).