Greece

Greece is home to several mammals found nowhere else including the Cretan Spiny Mouse (BioLib), the Cretan White-toothed Shrew (Google Books), the Limnos Blind Mole-rat Nannospalax insularis (Wiley) (BHL), and an endemic subspecies: the Cretan Wild Goat or Kri-kri (Wikipedia) (iNaturalist). The Crete Pipistrelle Pipistrellus creticus (Eurobats) (ResearchGate) is often considered distinct from Hanak's Pipistrelle Pipistrellus hanaki of Libya.

Amphibians restricted to Greece include the Karpathos Salamander (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), the Karpathos Water Frog (IUCN), and the Cretan Water Frog (Balcanica.info).

Reptiles unique to Greece include the Peloponnese Slow Worm (iNaturalist), the Greek Snake Skink (iNaturalist), Oertzen's Thin-toed Gecko (iNaturalist), Barton's Thin-toed Gecko (herpatlas.gr WM), the Greek Rock Lizard (Balcanica.info), the Skyros Wall Lizard (Eurolizards), the Milos Wall Lizard (iNaturalist), the Pori Wall Lizard (lacerta.de), the Peloponnese Wall Lizard (IUCN), the Cyclades Green Lizard (lacerta.de), the Cretan Wall Lizard (Balcanica.info), and the Greek Keeled Lizard (lacerta.de). The Cyclades Blunt-nosed Viper (iNaturalist) has sometimes been considered distinct from the more widespread Levantine Viper.

Freshwater fish known solely from Greece include the Louros Trout (Ittiofauna WM) (iNaturalist), the Stymphalia Minnow (ARKive WM), the Peloponnese Chub (iNaturalist), the Spartian Minnowroach (tsamisaquarium.gr WM), the Macedonian Shad (balkanrivers.net), the Thessaly Gudgeon (ARKive WM), the Arachthos Spined Loach (balkanrivers.net), the Peloponnese Valencia (Meine Killifisch Welt), the Greek Stickleback (FishBase), the Trichonis Blenny (iNaturalist), the Acheron Spring Goby (Ittiofauna WM), Aristotle’s Catfish (Ittiofauna WM), and the Greek Brook Lamprey (balkanrivers.net). Economidichthys (iNaturalist) is an endemic genus of freshwater gobies. The Oriental Blunt-nosed Clingfish Gouania orientalis (Wiley pdf) is a marine species currently known only from Greece.

Butterflies unique to Greece include the Cretan Argus (euroButterflies WM), the Tymfristos Anomalous Blue (euroButterflies WM), the Cretan Small Heath (euroButterflies WM), the Cretan Festoon (iNaturalist), the Cretan Grayling (euroButterflies WM), the Karpathos Grayling (IUCN) (Lepiforum), and the Chios Meadow Brown (iNaturalist). Endemic moths include Cryphia electra (Lepiforum) and Rhodostrophia cretacaria (iNaturalist).

Other endemic insects include the longhorn beetles Anaglyptus luteofasciatus (IUCN) and Purpuricenus schurmanni (Cerambycidae WM), a ground beetle Carabus banoni (iNaturalist), a flower beetle Protaetia cretica (iNaturalist), a cockchafer Melolontha taygetana (iNaturalist), a leaf beetle Chrysolina cretica (iNaturalist), a weevil Echinodera ariadnae (curci.de), a darkling beetle Pimelia minos (iNaturalist), the Epirus Dancing Grasshopper (IUCN), the Pindos Bright Bush-cricket (IUCN), a cave cricket Dolichopoda kikladica (GBIF), the Cretan Cicada (iNaturalist), a plant bug Dichrooscytus impros (iNaturalist), the ants Aphaenogaster cecconii (iNaturalist) and Cataglyphis cretica (iNaturalist), the bees Panurginus schwarzi (IUCN) and Nomada achaica (PLAZI), the hoverflies Katara connexa (Species New to Science) and Psilota aegeae (GBIF), a damselfly Coenagrion intermedium (iNaturalist), and two dragonflies: the Greek Goldenring (IUCN) and the Cretan Spectre (cretewww.com WM).

Other endemic arthropods include a freshwater crab Potamon pelops (iNaturalist), a tarantula Chaetopelma lymberakisi (Tarantupedia), the trapdoor spiders Cyrtocarenum grajum (iNaturalist) and Macrothele cretica (iNaturalist), a funnel-web spider Macrothele cretica (ResearchGate), the jumping spiders Aelurillus leipoldae (wiki.arages.de) and Pellenes florii (araneae), a harvestman Graecophalangium cretaeum (iNaturalist), the scorpions Letoiurus rhodiensis (iNaturalist) and Euscorpius candiota (iNaturalist), a cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion Lasiochernes cretonatus (ResearchGate), the woodlice Nagurus rhodiensis (iNaturalist) and Alpioniscus thracicus (ResearchGate), an amphipod Echinogammarus kretensis (iNaturalist), a centipede Scolopendra cretica (iNaturalist), and several millipedes: Titanophyllum spiliarum (ResearchGate), Eurygyrus rhodius (iNaturalist), and Pachyiulus marmoratus (iNaturalist).

Endemic land snails include Codringtonia codringtonii (ARKive WM), Carpathica insularis (iNaturalist), Metafruticicola noverca (iNaturalist), Maltzanellax godetiana (ResearchGate), Lindbergia pseudoillyrica (iNaturalist), Balcanodiscus cerberus (iNaturalist), Lindholmiola barbata (iNaturalist), Zonites euboeicus (iNaturalist), and Albinaria hippolyti (Francisco Welter-Schultes). Other endemic invertebrates include the freshwater snails Pseudobithynia trichonis (ResearchGate) and Daphniola exigua (figs. 2-6 at ResearchGate), a freshwater mussel Potomida acarnanica (MUSSELp), an earthworm Eisenia ebneri (fig. 3 at ResearchGate pdf), a sea urchin Arbacia cavernicola (ResearchGate), a sea anemone Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis (Lake Vouliagmeni WM), and a sea pen Crassophyllum thessalonicae (ResearchGate). Endemic invertebrate families include a millipede Trichonemasomatidae (GBIF) (p. 20 of ResearchGate pdf) and an ostracod crustacean Kliellidae (Google Books) (figs. G to L at Google Books).

Among the 1274 endemic vascular plants (ResearchGate pdf) are the Dittany of Crete (iNaturalist), Anthemis glaberrima (CretaPlant WM), Arum idaeum (iNaturalist), Crocus oreocreticus (Cretan Flora WM), Beta nana (IUCN), the Cretan Ebony (Greek Flora), Allium iatrouinum (IUCN), Bornmuellera emarginata (angio.bergianska.se WM), the Cretan Peony (Greek Flora), Iris hellenica (ResearchGate), Polygala helenae (IUCN), the Cretan Biarum (iNaturalist), Campanula laciniata (iNaturalist), Fritillaria conica (Greek Flora), the Greek Cyclamen (iNaturalist), the orchids Ophrys lacaena (pharmanatur.com) and Cephalanthera cucullata (Greek Flora), Convolvulus argyrothamnos (IUCN), Nonea cesatiana (CalPhotos), Gagea omalensis (Greek Flora), the Cretan Tulip (iNaturalist), Adonis cyllenea (Greek Flora), and Anchusa caespitosa (Greek Mountain Flora WM).

Trees endemic to Greece include the Cretan Zelkova (ARKive WM), the Greek Fir (ARKive WM), a hawthorn Crataegus pycnoloba (Greek Flora), and a tamarisk Tamarix minoa (BioOne).

Endemic vascular plant genera include Hymenonema (iNaturalist), Petromarula (iNaturalist), Phitosia (Greek Flora), Thamnosciadium (Greek Flora), Lutzia (Cretan Flora WM), Laserocarpum (Greek Flora), Horstrissea (Greek Flora), and Kenopleurum (fig. 8 at BHL) (BHL). Jankaea (Greek Flora) is sometimes recognized as distinct from the more widespread Ramonda.

Endemic fungi include Gautieria hellenica (ResearchGate), Nectria ganymede (IUCN), and Guepiniopsis fulva (IUCN). Endemic lichens include Lempholemma corticola (100 New Lichens), Toniniopsis cretica (nhm2.uio.no), and Thelidium creticum (BHL).

Greece is included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Important terrestrial ecoregions for endemic species include the Crete Mediterranean Forests (EoE) and the Pindus Mountains Mixed Forests (EoE). Important freshwater ecoregions include the Ionian Drainages (FEOW WM) and the Southeast Adriatic Drainages (FEOW WM). Many endemic invertebrates are listed in the appendix at (ResearchGate pdf). Many endemic freshwater and terrestrial molluscs are indicated at (Wikipedia).