Honduras

Mammals unique to Honduras include the Roatan Island Agouti (iNaturalist), the Honduran Small-eared Shrew (BHL) (iNaturalist), the Honduran Broad-clawed Shrew (BHL), three species of broad-clawed shrew (ResearchGate pdf), McCarthy's Shrew (GBIF), Cruz's Long-tailed Shrew (Honduras Neotropical WM), and the extinct Little Swan Island Hutia (ramm) (Wikipedia).

The Honduran Emerald (eBird) is a critically endangered hummingbird found only in the Agalta and Aguan valleys.

Endemic freshwater fish include the Choluteca Cichlid Amphilophus hogaboomorum (GCCA), Wessel's Cichlid (FishBase), the Ulúan Killifish Profundulus (or Tlaloc) portillorum (Zootaxa) (Killinet Images WM), and the Honduran Molly Poecilia hondurensis (iNaturalist) (academia.edu).

Endemic marine fish include the Redcheek Goby Tigrigobius rubrigenis (FishBase), the Roatan Goby Varicus roatanensis (ZooKeys), another goby Varicus prometheus (ZooKeys), and the Blue-backed Basslet Lipogramma idabeli (ZooKeys). A silverside Membras pygmaea (GBIF) is known only from Brus Lagoon.

Among the reptiles found nowhere else are several large iguanas: the Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana (ARKive WM), the Rio Aguan Valley Iguana (iNaturalist), and the Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguana (iNaturalist). Other endemic lizards include the the Utila Anole (BHL), Meyer's Anole (iNaturalist), the Honduran Giant Anole (ARKive WM), the Lenca Emerald Spiny Lizard (iNaturalist), the Fonseca Islands Skink (GBIF), a casquehead iguana Laemanctus julioi (BHL), the Bay Island Least Gecko (iNaturalist), and a galliwasp Diploglossus scansorius (BHL) (ResearchGate). Endemic snakes include Omoadiphas aurula (iNaturalist), the Roatan Longtail Snake (iNaturalist), a snail sucker Sibon miskitus (Reptile Database), the Honduran Red-banded Ground Snake (IUCN), the Roatan Vine Snake (Reptile Database), the Three-banded Centipede Snake (iNaturalist), a blindsnake Liotyphlops pino (PLAZI), the Honduran Palm Pitviper (iNaturalist), the Honduran Jumping Pitviper (Reptile Database), and the Roatan Coral Snake (ARKive WM).

Amphibians restricted to Honduras include the Honduras Rainforest Toad (iNaturalist), the Honduran Spikethumb Frog (ARKive WM), the Zacate Blanco Tree Frog (iNaturalist), the Cusuco Bromeliad Tree Frog (flickr), the Honduran Brook Frog (flickr), the Lenca Leopard Frog (CalPhotos), the Honduran White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus pdf), the Lenca Sheep Frog (iNaturalist), the robber frogs Craugastor milesi (IUCN) and Craugastor aurilegulus (iNaturalist), the Cataguana Hidden Salamander (ResearchGate), the El Cusuco Salamander (ARKive WM), the Cerro de en Medio Moss Salamander (AmphibiaWeb), the Santa Barbara Bromeliad Salamander (iNaturalist), and the Honduran Lowland Worm Salamander (ResearchGate).

Jewel scarabs known exclusively from Honduras include Chrysina spectabilis (flickr), Chrysina cavei (iNaturalist), Chrysina antonkozlovi (iNaturalist), and Chrysina pastori (New World Scarab Beetles) (iNaturalist). Other endemic insects include a tiger beetle Odontocheila tawahka (GBIF), the longhorn beetles Euderces hefferni (GBIF) and Derobrachus cusucoensis (BINCO pdf) and Echthistatus hawksi (fig. 6 at CSIC pdf), the scarab beetles Viridimicus omoaensis (Insects on Stamps) and Macrodactylus hondurensis (p. 10 of Zootaxa pdf), a flower chafer Archedinus antoshkai (ResearchGate), a dung beetle Copris nubilosus (ResearchGate), a glowworm beetle Cenophengus saasil (ZooKeys), a stick insect Apteroplopus grossetuberculatus (GBIF), an ant Stenamma atribellum (AntWiki), a cuckoo bee Nomada zamoranica (Smithsonian), a termite Cryptotermes garifunae (BioOne), a cicada Procollina hondurensis (iNaturalist), a katydid Calamoptera grandis (OSF), a grasshopper Gymnotettix moralesi (GBIF), a king cricket Glaphyrosoma unumtympana (GBIF), a metalmark butterfly Emesis eleanorae (figs. a-c at ResearchGate), a skipper Jonaspyge elizabethae (ResearchGate), a glassy-wing moth Pseudohemihyalea labeculoides (MNHN), and the damselflies Amphipteryx jaroli (ResearchGate) and Palaemnema lorae (GBIF).

Land snails known only from Honduras include Epirobia adusta (iNaturalist), Euglandina hyperion and Euglandina encladus (BHL), Helicina hondurana and Myxastyla (or Streptosyla) coxeni (both at Google Books) and Myaxis leei (FLMNH WM). Other endemic invertebrates include a freshwater crab Potamocarcinus roatensis (iNaturalist), a cave dwelling shrimp Typhlatya utilaensis (p. 10 of CaveBiology.com WM pdf), the scorpions Diplocentrus insularis (Scorpion Files) and Centruroides hirsuticauda (ResearchGate), a tarantula Mygalarachne brevipes (p. 3 of SEA WM pdf), a trapdoor spider Ummidia hondurena (ZooKeys), the harvestmen Cynorta bromeliacia (iNaturalist) and Eucynorta rooneyi (ResearchGate), a nudibranch Doriopsilla tishae (Slug Site), and several marine snails: Darrylia harryleei (Jaxshells WM), Voluta sunderlandi (Google Books), Murexsul chesleri (GBIF), Conus sunderlandi (Jaxshells WM), Purpuriconus kulkulcan (fig. 7 at ResearchGate), and Conus harlandi (Eddie Hardy).

Trees known only from Honduras include a palm Cryosophila williamsii (Palmpedia), Ilex williamsii (iNaturalist), Styrax paulhousei (BRIT pdf), Eugenia coyolensis (p. 19 of FECOMOL WM pdf), Arachnothryx evansii (iNaturalist), Sommera cusucoana (PhytoKeys), Saurauia molinae (iNaturalist), Leucaena lempirana (polyploid.net), Lonchocarpus vallicola (iNaturalist), Oreopanax lempiranus (iNaturalist), Magnolia darioi (GBIF), Desmopsis dolichopetala (iNaturalist), Sloanea shankii (iNaturalist), Viburnum molinae (iNaturalist), and a cycad Dioon pectinatum (iNaturalist). The recently rediscovered Haptanthus hazlettii (flickr) (Wikipedia) is sometimes considered the sole species in an endemic family Haptanthaceae (but recent research suggests it belongs in Buxaceae). Another endemic tree genus is Hondurodendron (ResearchGate) (Tropicos WM).

Other endemic plants include a palm Chamaedorea frondosa (PACSOA WM), the cycads Zamia standleyi (Cycad Pages WM) and Ceratozamia hondurensis (ARKive WM), the bromeliads Tillandsia copanensis (flickr) and Tillandsia hondurensis (Bromeliads in Australia WM), Aphelandra molinae (iNaturalist), Ageratum standleyi (iNaturalist), Opuntia hondurensis (iNaturalist), Acanthocereus lempirensis (ABM pdf), Anthurium lancetillense (IAS WM), Connarus popenoei (p. 3 of Field Museum pdf), Alfaroa hondurensis (iNaturalist), Pinguicula hondurensis (ResearchGate), Palicourea hondurensis (iNaturalist), Begonia hondurensis (iNaturalist), Matelea porphyrantha (iNaturalist), Monstera maderaverde (Greenwood), Miconia kellyana (GBIF), and the orchids Sobralia yaninae (iNaturalist) and Epidendrum yojoaense (iNaturalist).

Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Orthostichopsis fornicata (BHL) (GBIF) and Pireella hondurensis (BHL). Endemic lichens include Ocellularia comayaguana (GBIF). Fungi known only from Honduras include Tylopilus hondurensis (GBIF) and Trechispora hondurensis (ResearchGate).

Honduras is part of the Mesoamerica biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and its east coast forms a portion of the Western Caribbean coral reef hotspot (Columbia Univ. WM pdf). Endemic plants are indicated with an asterisk at (Zamorano pdf).