Laos

Endemic mammals include the Laos Langur (Joel Sartore) (MDPI), the Phou Khao Khouay Leaf-nosed Bat (ARKive WM), the Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat (ASM WM), and the Laotian Flying Squirrel (GBIF). The Long-eared Gymnure (ResearchGate) is frequently considered to be the sole species in an endemic genus Otohylomys. Schomburgk's Deer (Northwestern Univ.) apparently survived in Laos into the early 1990's and could conceivably still survive somewhere in central Laos.

The Bare-faced Bulbul (Species New to Science) (eBird) is an endemic bird.

Amphibians known solely from Laos include the Laotian Shrub Frog Philautus nianeae (Species New to Science), the Cave-dwelling Tree Frog Rhacophorus spelaeus (iNaturalist), the Lake Bug-eyed Frog Theloderma lacustrinum (GBIF), the Bolaven Odorous Frog Odorrana bolavensis (Mongabay), the Coffee Fanged Frog Limnonectes coffeatus (GBIF), the Laotian Painted Frog Kaloula laosensis (Herpetozoa), the spadefoot toads Leptobrachium buchardi (GBIF) and Leptobrachium xanthops (GBIF), the Akha Torrent Frog Amolops akhaorum (Bryan L. Stuart WM pdf), the Luang Prabang Crocodile Newt Tylototriton podichthys (GBIF), and the Laos Caecilian Ichthyophis laosensis (BHL) (GBIF). The Laos Warty Newt Laotriton laoensis (CalPhotos) (IUCN) is an endemic genus.

Endemic reptiles include David's Wolf Snake (ResearchGate), Banks' Wolf Snake (Species New to Science), Durand’s Mountain Stream Snake Opisthotropis durandi (Serpent Research WM), Teynie's Kukri Snake (ResearchGate), the Laotian False Bloodsucker (iNaturalist), the Lao Rock Gecko (GBIF), Kiszirian’s Slender Gecko (GBIF), the Lao Parachute Gecko (GBIF), a leaf-toed gecko Dixonius lao (GBIF), the Thakhek Gecko (Reptile Database), and three additional species of Gekko (Species New to Science). Twenty endemic species of bent-toed geckos include Cyrtodactylus buchardi (iNaturalist), Cyrtodactylus calamei (GBIF), and Cyrtodactylus vilaphongi (GBIF). The Khammouan Karst Dragon Laodracon carsticola (Species New to Science) (iNaturalist) is an endemic genus.

Freshwater fish species found only in Laos include the loaches Schistura kaysonei (Loaches Online) and Rhyacoschistura suber (GBIF) and Sewellia elongata (Seriously Fish) and Hemimyzon confluens (Semantic Scholar). Other endemic fish include Devario acrostomus (FishBase), Tor ater (ResearchGate), Speolabeo musaei (Species New to Science), Poropuntius bolovenensis (FishBase), Metzia bounthobi (FIMSEA), Acrossocheilus xamensis (p. 2 of Cypriniformes Commons WM pdf), Acheilognathus deignani (IUCN), Rhodeus laoensis (ResearchGate), the catfishes Pseudecheneis sympelvica (PlanetCatfish) and Pseudobagarius eustictus (PlanetCatfish), a spineless eel Chaudhuria fusipinnis (Semantic Scholar), a goby Rhinogobius taenigena (FIMSEA). Endemic genera include Terateleotris (Internet Archive), Troglocyclocheilus (BHL), and Laocypris (FIMSEA).

Butterflies restricted to Laos include Euthalia lao (Butterflies in Indo-China), Halpe wakaharai (Butterflies in Indo-China), Horaga takanamii (Butterflies in Indo-China), and Euaspa koizumii (Butterflies in Indo-China). Endemic moths include Diduga hastata (GBIF) and Eugoa sinxayi (fig. 4 at Semantic Scholar).

Other endemic insects include a cave-dwelling ant Leptogenys khammouanensis (AntWiki pdf), a velvet ant Orientilla tamaderai (JHR), a spider wasp Stigmatodipogon lao (GBIF), a damselfly Noguchiphaea laotica (ResearchGate), a tiger beetle Calochroa brancuccii (ResearchGate), the longhorn beetles Paranandra strandiella (Cerambycidae Species WM) and Metipocregyes holzschuhi (GBIF), the scarab beetles Tocama laosensis (ResearchGate) and Onthophagus streltsovi (p. 3 of Zootaxa pdf), the jewel beetles Agrilus aramis (GBIF) and Endelus chikatunovi (ResearchGate), a flower beetle Macronotops biserratus (GBIF), the cicadas Megapomponia bourgoini (ResearchGate) and Miniterpnosia chorus (GBIF), a cave cricket Eutachycines cassani (ResearchGate), a stick insect Parapachymorpha minuta (GBIF), a leaf insect Phyllium oyae (Phasmatodea), the plant bugs Paramiridius laomontanus (ResearchGate) and Fangumellus flavobadius (GBIF), a planthopper Goniopsara ridens (PLAZI), and a lace bug Elasmognathus laosensis (p. 4 of Zootaxa pdf).

Other endemic invertebrates include the world's largest huntsman spider Heteropoda maxima (Wikipedia), an eyeless huntsman spider Sinopoda scurion (Sci-News WM), the scorpions Lychas aberlenci (BHL) and Troglokhammouanus steineri (explo-laos), a whipscorpion Typopeltis magnificus (p. 37 of MCDP WM pdf), the millipedes Tylopus dorsalis (GBIF) and Eutrichodesmus deporatus (ZooKeys), a cave-dwelling crab Erebusa calobates (iNaturalist), the freshwater crabs Pudaengon arnamicai (p. 8 of NMU pdf) and Pupamon lao (BHL), a freshwater copepod Allodiaptomus nongensis (ResearchGate), an earthworm Amynthas panhai (Species New to Science), the freshwater mussels Monodontina laosica and Nyeinchanconcha nyeinchani (both at ResearchGate), the freshwater snails Brotia laodelectata (ResearchGate) and Pseudoiglica pseudoiglica (Subterranean Biology), and several land snails: Macrochlamys callojuncta and Moellendorffia (or Trichelix) horrida (both at Species New to Science), Laoennea carychioides (GBIF), Angustopila coprologos (figs. 1-2 at Brill pdf), Rhiostoma marioni (GBIF), and Amphidromus syndromoideus (Wikipedia).

Orchids unique to Laos include Bulbophyllum setilabium (ResearchGate), Coelogyne sudora (IOSPE), Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum (Species New to Science), and Holcoglossum calcicola (ResearchGate). Other endemic plants include Gentiana khammouanensis and Aeschynanthus mendumiae (both on p. 13 of WWF WM pdf), Paraboea khotamiae (ResearchGate), Amorphophallus laoticus (IAS WM), the gingers Curcuma flammea (ResearchGate) and Meistera calcarata (IUCN), a palm Calamus evansii (Taiwania WM pdf), Begonia hinnamnoensis (ResearchGate), Impatiens angustisepala (IUCN), Nymphanthus namkadingensis (Species New to Science), Argostemma laotica (ResearchGate), Ceropegia laotica (BHL), Camellia rosacea (ResearchGate), Aristolochia laotica (GBIF), Croton nagoi (GBIF), and Chayamaritia banksiae (Species New to Science).

Trees known only from Laos include a palm Trachycarpus ravenii (ResearchGate), Beilschmiedia bolavenensis (ResearchGate), Machilus champasakensis (fig. 4 at J-STAGE pdf), the stone oaks Lithocarpus vidalianus (Asian Fagaceae) and Lithocarpus bolovenensis (Asian Fagaceae), Castanopsis tranninhensis (GBIF), Sterculia bolavenensis (fig. 4 at Thai Forest Bulletin pdf), Diospyros laoensis (ResearchGate), Camellia sealyana (GBIF) (IUCN), Pyrenaria laotica (GBIF) (BHL), Pyrenaria microphylla (GBIF) (BHL), Dalbergia calcarea (Thai Forest Bulletin pdf), Gluta laosensis (ResearchGate), Ridsdalea vidalii (GBIF), and an endemic genus Xylacanthus (Species New to Science) .

Other endemic vascular plant genera include Hydrodiscus (ResearchGate), Ctenobryum (fig.4A at J-STAGE pdf), Laosia (fig.4B at J-STAGE pdf), Laobambos (PhytoKeys), Phyllotrichum (GBIF), Schmiediella (MNHN pdf), Ancistrostylis (p. 2 at J-STAGE pdf), and Acareosperma (GBIF).

Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Fissidens kamiyamae (J-STAGE pdf) and Macromitrium laosianum (GBIF) and a liverwort Frullania subvalida (fig. 1 at JJB WM pdf). Fungi known only from Laos include Leucoagaricus griseosquamosus (GMS Mushrooms), Nigrocarnea radicata (fig. 4 at Springer), and Trabutia distinguenda (Cybertruffle WM).

Laos is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The Annamite Forests (Wonders of the Annamites) are especially notable for endemic species. Important freshwater ecoregions include the Lower Lancang (FEOW WM) and the Khorat Plateau (FEOW WM).