Lebanon

Fraas’ Lizard Parvilacerta fraasii (ARKive WM) (lacerta.de) is a reptile found only in Lebanon.

The Ammiq Barb Garra festai (Jörg Freyhof WM) (IUCN) is an endemic freshwater fish.

Longhorn beetles unique to Lebanon inculude Libanoclytus tommasoi (flickr), Agapanthia mutinensium (flickr), Callidium libani (flickr) (IUCN), Molorchus sterbai (Cerambycidae WM), Pogonocherus ehdenensis (Forum Entomologi Italiani WM), Clytus peyroni (p. 25 of MUNIS pdf), and Axinopalpis alberti (p. 31 of SSNR WM pdf). Other endemic beetles include a ground beetle Laemostenus libanensis (ResearchGate), a scarab Melontha excisicauda (glaphyridae.com), a water beetle Hydraena frenzeli (ZOBODAT pdf), the click beetles Elathous agilis (GBIF) and Megathous tannourinensis (GBIF), a leaf beetle Labidostomis bcharrensis (GBIF), the rove beetles Geomitopsis dubertreti (RBINS) and Tychus meggiolaroi (ResearchGate), a soft-winged flower beetle Malachius saltinii (ResearchGate), and the weevils Brachysomus tannourinensis (GBIF) and Kyklioacalles libani (coleoptera.at WM pdf).

Other endemic insects include a moths Elachista scolopsa (figs. 17-18 at Nota Lep.) and Micropterix jabalmoussae (Nota Lepid.), a plant bug Psallus jeitensis (Discover Life), the grasshoppers Ocnerosthenus simulans (OSF) and Chorthippus lebanicus (OSF), a stonefly Perlodes thomasi (Illiesia pdf), a carpenter moth Stygioides ivinskisi (ResearchGate), a spider wasp Ctenagenia pagliano (GBIF), a cuckoo wasp Cleptes adonis (fig. 9 at MDPI), the bees Andrena prodigiosa (ResearchGate) and Anthidium libanicum (fig. 8B at ASP), and the ants Monomorium libanicum (AntWiki) and Tetramorium arzi (Internet Archive).

Other endemic invertebrates include the spiders Tegenaria michae (p. 3 of BAS WM pdf) and Dysdera dentichelis (BHL), a cave-dwelling centipede Lithobius libanicus (Sapienza Univ. WM pdf), the cave-dwelling woodlice Armadillo troglophilus (BHL) and Berytoniscus singularis (BHL),, the isopods Atarbolana beirutensis (GBIF) and Cirolana zibrowiusi (GBIF), the amphipods Niphargus altagahizi (IJS pdf) and Echinogammarus berytensis (Naturalis pdf), the land snails Monacha solitudinis (fig. 13 at ResearchGate) and Pene louisi (fig. 13 at ResearchGate pdf) , and several freshwater snails: Gyraulus homsensis and Gyraulus bekaensis (both on p. 3 of biozoojournals.ro pdf), Belgrandiella libanica (figs. 20 & 21 at ResearchGate), Pseudobithynia amiqensis (ARKive WM), Pseudobithynia levantica (ARKive WM), and Pseudobithynia kathrini (ResearchGate).  

Among about 108 species of endemic vascular plants are Iris susiana (iNaturalist), Iris cedreti (IUCN), Cephalaria cedrorum (p. 6 of herbmedit.org pdf), Romulea jezzinis and Romulea libanotica (both at ResearchGate), the Kotschy Oak (IOS), the Thick-leaved Stock Matthiola crassifolia (Lebanon Flora WM), the Lebanon Violet (IUCN), Clinopodium nummulariifolium (iNaturalist), Allium pseudocalyptratum (iNaturalist), Alkanna leiocarpa (p. 5 at ResearchGate pdf), a marsh orchid Dactylorhiza phoenissa (Flora of Lebanon), Origanum libanoticum (fig. 1j at ResearchGate), Galium pestalozzae (Lebanon Flora WM) (POWO), Senecio blanchei (POWO), the Lebanon Cyclamen (Cyclamen), Alchemilla diademata (p. 32 of Shoal pdf) (IUCN), Geranium makmelicum (Flora of Lebanon), Crocus baalbekensis (ResearchGate), Onosma sanninensis (Flora-Fauna), a buttercup Ranunculus orbiculatus (IUCN), Minuartia libanotica (IUCN), Dianthus karami (IUCN), Salvia peyronii (IUCN), Salvia josetta (Phytotaxa), the Sofar Milk-vetch Astragalus ehdenensis (p. 29 of moe.gov.lb WM pdf), and Myopordon pulchellum (POWO). An endemic genus of grass is Lycochloa (GBIF) (IUCN).

A non-vascular plant known only from the type specimen is the moss Polytrichum autranii (GBIF).

Lebanon is included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Eastern Mediterranean Conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf Forests (EoE WM) and the Southern Anatolian Montane Conifer and Deciduous Forests (EoE WM). A list of Lebanese spiders indicating 22 endemic species is at (BHL).