North Macedonia

The Macedonian Trout Salmo macedonicus (Ittiofauna WM) (FishBase) is an endemic freshwater fish. The Vretenar Zingel balcanicus (balkanrivers.net) (Ittiofauna WM) is known with certainty only from North Macedonia, but may now be extinct.

Insects unique to North Macedonia include a butterfly, the Macedonian Grayling Pseudochazara cingovskii (euroButterflies WM) (IUCN), a plume moth Platyptilia galicicaensis (ResearchGate), an ermine moth Kessleria macedonica (fig. 18 at BHL), a cicada Cicadetta macedonica (European Cicadas) (iNaturalist), the bush-crickets Poecilimon vodnensis (IUCN) and Bradyporus skopjensis (GBIF), an ant-loving cricket Myrmecophilus balcanicus (ResearchGate), the mining bees Andrena lonicera (europeana) (IUCN) and Andrena pelagonia (fig. 31 at ResearchGate), a hoverfly Merodon vladimiri (fig. 11 at CORE pdf), a caddisfly Drusus krpachi (fig. 9 at balkanrivers.net pdf), the click beetles Dima macedonica (flickr) and Dima dusaneki (flickr), the weevils Otiorhynchus jakupicensis (ResearchGate) and Mogulones macedonicus (Muzeum Górnośląskie pdf), a longhorn beetle Chaetocnema franzi (ResearchGate), the ground beetles Winklerites fodori (ResearchGate) and Calathus jakupicensis (ResearchGate), a rove beetle Pseudamaurops hristovskii (GBIF), and the cave-dwelling round fungus beetles Petkovskiella stygia (ResearchGate) and Babuniella jovanhadzii (fig. 4 at ResearchGate).

Other endemic arthropods include a springtail Heteromurus constantinellus (doiSerbia WM pdf), the millipedes Brachydesmus verrucosus (fig. 1b at Semantic Scholar pdf) and Macedomeris ivoi (GBIF) and Schizmohetera curcici (GBIF), the cave-dwelling spiders Troglohyphantes inermis (araneae) and Troglohyphantes kratochvili (araneae), the dwarf spiders Gonatium strugaense (araneae) and Hypomma brevitibiale (araneae), a running crab spider Philodromus hadzii (araneae), a prowling spider Zora prespaensis (araneae), a harvestman Cyphophthalmus markoi (fig. 7 at ResearchGate), a scorpion Euscorpius janstai (GBIF), a solifuge Galeodes elegans (Univ. Hamburg), a pseudoscorpion Neobisium maksimtodorovici (doiSerbia WM pdf), the isopods Macedomeris ivoi (ResearchGate) and Macedonethes stankoi (Senckenberg WM pdf), a fairy shrimp Chirocephalus pelagonicus (zmurh.hr), and an amphipod Niphargus jovanovici (Niphargus WM), The mite Stygophalangium karamani (UFRJ WM pdf) (Catalogue of Organisms WM), known only from springs in Rašče, is sometimes placed in its own family Stygophalangiidae.

Freshwater snails known only from North Macedonia include Sumia macedonica (ResearchGate), Iglica karamani (figs. 4-5 at ResearchGate), Gocea ohridana (IUCN), Bythinella melovskii (ResearchGate), and Horatia podvisensis (ResearchGate). Endemic land snails include Montenegrina stankovici (AnimalBase WM), Vestia lazarovii (ResearchGate), Vitrea melovskii (ResearchGate), Carinigera drenovoensis (ResearchGate), Carinigera septima (AnimalBase WM), Monacha dofleini (Facebook) (IUCN), Alinda nordsiecki (GBIF), Macedonica slavica (AnimalBase WM), and Euxinella alpinella (ZooKeys).

Among about 114 endemic vascular plant species is the Feathered Salvia Salvia jurisicii (Wikipedia), Ferulago macedonica (fig. 1 at ResearchGate), the violets Viola allchariensis (Oxford) and Viola arsenica (deviantART), Pedicularis ferdinandi (Bild 11 at ResearchGate), Oehm's Thyme Thymus oehmianus (WNS Stamps WM) (fig. 2 at ResearchGate), Crocus jablanicensis (Country of Crocuses), Helianthemum marmoreum (ResearchGate), Jurinea micevskii (ResearchGate), Helichrysum zivojinii (Wikispecies), Dianthus galicicae (Bild 38 at ResearchGate), Knautia caroli-rechingeri and Centaurea leucomalla (both at fig. 4 of ResearchGate), Centaurea kavadarensis (ResearchGate), Sempervivum thompsonianum (NARGS), Genista fukarekiana (E-Priroda RS WM pdf), Hedysarum macedonicum (p. 13 of Bregalnica NCP WM pdf), Nepeta ernesti-mayeri (Bild 57 at ResearchGate), Heptaptera macedonica (fig. A8 at ResearchGate), a hawkweed Hieracium renatae (SEKJ pdf), Verbascum matevskii (ResearchGate), Aira scoparia (GBIF), and a fern Asplenium macedonicum (p. 36 of IUCN Cat SG WM pdf).

Fungi known only from North Macedonia include Astraeus macedonicus (Fungal Planet WM pdf). Endemic mosses include Brachymenium paradoxum (GBIF) (IUCN).

Portions of North Macedonia are included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). For more information on endemic animals and plants of Macedonia including checklists of endemic species see "National Red Lists for Species Conservation in Macedonia" (redlist.moepp.gov.mk pdf), the "Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia" (CBD pdf) and "Diversity of Invertebrates in the Republic of Macedonia" (ResearchGate). Especially important for unique freshwater species is Lake Ohrid (SIAL WM), one of the world's oldest lakes.