Nigeria

Mammals found nowhere else include Sclater's Monkey (ARKive WM) (NEPC), the Niger Delta Red Colobus (Primate SG pdf) (Mongabay), Fox's Shaggy Rat (GBIF) (BHL), the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse (GBIF) (p. 11 of ZOBODAT pdf), the Savanna White-toothed Swamp Shrew (GBIF) (BHL), and Corbet's Forest Shrew (GBIF) (BHL). The Nigerian Klipspringer (GBIF) (IUCN) is also sometimes considered a full species.

The Ibadan Malimbe (iNaturalist) (Weaver Watch) is a bird unique to Nigeria.

Endemic reptiles include Dunger’s File Snake Mehelya egbensis (AMNH WM pdf) (OpenEdition), the Ibadan Thread Snake Tricheilostoma (or Leptotyphlops) greenwelli (ResearchGate) (GBIF), Dunger's Four-fingered Skink Leptosiaphos dungeri (Google Books), the Giant Forest Gecko Cnemaspis gigas (p. 212 at IRD pdf), the Ondo Forest Gecko Cnemaspis petrodroma (p. 216 at IRD pdf), the West African Worm Lizard Baikia africana (BHL), and the worm lizards Cynisca nigeriensis (BHL) and Cynisca gansi (IUCN) (BHL).

Amphibians unique to Nigeria include Perret's Toad Sclerophrys perreti (ZSE), the Danko Puddle Frog Phrynobatrachus danko (ResearchGate), and another puddle frog Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri (GBIF).

Among the killifish restricted to Nigeria are Fundulopanchax scheeli (Killifish of West Africa), Fundulopanchax arnoldi (Killifish of West Africa), Epiplatys longiventralis (Epiplatys.de), and Epiplatys biafranus (killie.vrx.space WM). Other endemic freshwater fish include the Domino Neolebias Neolebias powelli (rva.jp WM), the cichlids Pelvicachromis sacrimontis (GBIF) and Pelvicachromis silviae (FishBase), the Fog Bushfish Ctenopoma nebulosum (FishBase), Enteromius clauseni (p. 62 of IRD WM pdf), Garra trewavasae (GBIF), the Blue Diamond Tetra Alestopetersius smykalai (FishBase), and several catfishes: Synodontis robbianus (PlanetCatfish), Synodontis guttatus (PlanetCatfish), Parauchenoglanis buettikoferi (PlanetCatfish), Doumea reidi (ResearchGate), and Notoglanidium akiri (FishBase). Arnoldichthys (FishBase) is an endemic genus.

Marine fish known only from Nigeria include Bathyblennius antholops (FishBase) and the Yellowtop Jewelfish Meganthias carpenteri (p. 62 of FAO pdf).

Butterflies known solely from Nigeria include Bebearia oshogbo (Semantic Scholar), Euphaedra eshu (ResearchGate), Neurellipes rhoko (GBIF), Alaena exotica (iNaturalist), Capys stuarti (p. 27 of Metamorphosis pdf). Acraea actinotina (Dominique Bernaud), Ceratrichia lewisi (iNaturalist), Charaxes chevroti (Charaxes.be WM), Pseudathyma legeri (ABDB WM pdf), Iolaus newporti (p. 120 of Metamorphosis pdf), Eresina schmitti (p. 10 of Metamorphosis pdf), and Euptera knoopi and Stempfferia boormani (both at Michel Libert WM). Endemic moths include a tiger moth Stenarctia griseipennis (African Moths WM), a lasiocampid Hypotrabala bettinae (fig. 11 at ResearchGate), and a noctuid Medlerana nigeriensis (GBIF),

Other endemic insects include a damselfly Pentaphlebia gamblesi (ADDO WM) (Mongabay), the ants Cardiocondyla zoserka (AntWiki) and Cataulacus boltoni (AntWiki), the bush crickets Anepitacta egestoides (OSF) and Pseudorhynchus crosskeyi (OSF), a rove beetle Metocinus ibadan (ResearchGate), the ground beetles Pheropsophus sonae (ResearchGate) and Eoclivina basilewskyi (PLAZI), the longhorn beetles Acutandra beninensis (Semantic Scholar) and Anthrococentrus nigerianus (p. 5 of Cerambycoidea.com pdf), a tortoise beetle Cassida nigeriana (GBIF), an earwig Spongovostox medleri (BHL), a leafhopper Dwightla medleri (GBIF), a green lacewing Chrysacanthia iwo (ZooKeys), a soldier fly Apotomaspis nigeriana (fig. 16 at ResearchGate), and an ichneumonid wasp Epirhyssa villemantae (WaspWeb WM).

Other endemic invertebrates include the Hercules Baboon Spider Hysterocrates hercules (birdspiders.com WM), the jumping spiders Pochyta minuta (GBIF) and Peplometus oyo (jumping-spiders.com), a goblin spider Antoonops iita (AMNH WM), a pholcid spider Smeringopona ibadan (pholcidae WM pdf), the scorpions Butheoloides charlotteae (GBIF) and Leiurus nigerianus (Scorpion Files), a woodlouse Mesarmadillo albescens (p. 37 of Taylor & Francis pdf), the millipedes Costabolus baculus (GBIF) and Carinobolus complex (PLAZI), the freshwater crabs Sudanonautes kagoroensis (NMU pdf) and Sudanonautes nigeria (p. 204 of IRD pdf), a freshwater shrimp Desmocaris bislineata (Google Books), an earthworm Vomia prima (BHL), a clam Keletistes rhizoecus (NMW) (Internet Archive), and a sea pen Grasshoffia virgularioides (ZooKeys). Endemic land snails include Ptychotrema shagamuense (fig. 16 at BioOne), Ennea nigeriensis (ZooKeys), and Costigulella mfamosingi (WMSDB).

Among about 80 vascular plant species exclusive to Nigeria (ResearchGate) are the orchids Genyorchis apertiflora (JSTOR), Habenaria phylacocheira (JSTOR) (IUCN), and Diaphananthe dorotheae (GBIF). Other endemic plants include Costus talbotii (GingersRus WM), Brachystelma bracteolatum (ResearchGate), Aeschynomene neglecta (JSTOR), Saxicolella flabellata (fig. 1 at Kew), Anemia nigerica (GBIF), Indigofera hutchinsoniana (JSTOR), Monodora unwinii (ARKive WM), Impatiens nigeriensis (Google Books), Begonia salisburyana (GBIF), Mussaenda afzelioides (JSTOR), Urelytrum auriculatum (GBIF), Tinnea gombea (PLOS), Combretum baldwinii (GBIF), Oldenlandia rhabdina (POWO), Pavetta obanica (GBIF), and Rytigynia argentea (JSTOR).

Trees known only from Nigeria include Cola gigas (JSTOR), Cassipourea eketensis (JSTOR), Dactyladenia dichotoma (GBIF), Talbotiella eketensis (JSTOR), Terminalia pennyana (JSTOR), Anisophyllea obanica (GBIF), Napoleonaea lutea (GBIF), and Dichapetalum obanense (GBIF).

Endemic fungi include Galerella nigeriensis (ResearchGate) and Crinipellis palmarum (FFTA). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Fissidens nigerianus (GBIF) (Fig. 8 at ResearchGate) and Fissidens ezukanmae (ResearchGate) and a liverwort Riccia nigerica (GBIF).

Parts of Nigeria belong to the Guinean Forests of West Africa hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Terrestrial ecoregions unique to Nigeria include the Jos Plateau Forest-grassland Mosaic (WWF WM), the Niger Delta Swamp Forests (WWF WM), and the Cross-Niger Transition Forests (WWF WM). Important freshwater ecoregions include the Northern Gulf of Guinea Drainages (FEOW WM), the Lower Niger-Benue (FEOW WM), and the Niger Delta (FEOW WM). For more information on endemic species in Nigeria see the "National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan" (CBD pdf).