Russia

Mammals found only in Russia include the Baikal Seal (ARKive WM), the Snow Sheep (caprinae world), the Turuchan Pika (iNaturalist), the Black-capped Marmot (iNaturalist), the Forest Steppe Marmot (iNaturalist), the Caucasian Mountain Ground Squirrel (iNaturalist), Vorontsov's Ground Squirrel (Species New to Science), the Palearctic Collared Lemming (iNaturalist), the Siberian Brown Lemming (iNaturalist), the Amur Brown Lemming (GBIF), Middendorff's Vole (IUCN), the Lake Baikal Mountain Vole (baikal-1.ru), the Tsimlyansk Birch Mouse (UkrBIN), the Giant Blind Mole-rat (Darwin Museum WM) (Wikipedia), the Kamchatka Shrew (iNaturalist), and the extinct Steller’s Sea Cow (Wikipedia).

Birds unique to Russia as breeding species include the Siberian Grouse (iNaturalist), the Red-breasted Goose (eBird), Steller's Sea Eagle (ARKive WM), the Spoon-billed Sandpiper (IUCN), the Great Knot (eBird), the Spotted Greenshank (eBird), the Gray-tailed Tattler (eBird), the Little Curlew (eBird), the Pintail Snipe (eBird), the Siberian Nuthatch (russia.birds.watch WM), the Yellow-browed Bunting (eBird), the Dusky Thrush (eBird), Naumann's Thrush (eBird), and the extinct Spectacled Cormorant (Wikipedia). The Siberian Sand Plover (iNaturalist) is also sometimes considered a breeding endemic (Oxford). The Baikal Teal (eBird) and the Siberian Crane (ICF) (eBird) are breeding endemic genera.

Reptiles restricted to Russia include Orlov's Viper Vipera orlovi (ARKive WM), Szczerbak's Lizard Darevskia szczerbaki (lacerta.de), and the Caucasian Rock Lizard Darevskia saxicola (lacerta.de). The Magnificent Viper Vipera magnifica (Vipera Caucasica) has recently been considered to be a subspecies of the more widespread Caucasus Viper Vipera kaznakovi (Reptile Database).

Endemic freshwater fish include the Stone Sculpin (FishBase), the Long-finned Charr (ARKive WM), the Boganida Charr (FishBase), the Muksun (biotopfish), the Peled (Ittiofauna WM), the Kamchatka Steelhead (kamchatsky-krai.ru WM), the Ezenam Trout (fishbiosystem.ru WM), the Yellow-spotted Grayling (fishbiosystem.ru WM), the Wonderful Blackfish (p. 78 of aquacultura.org WM pdf), the Abrau Sprat (redbookrf.ru), the Kuban Spined Loach (Ittiofauna WM), a stone loach Barbatula restricta (GBIF), the Kuban Gudgeon (Ittiofauna WM), the Kuban Barbel (fishbiosystem.ru WM), the Five-rayed Gudgeon (Ittiofauna WM), the Aphips Chub (Ittiofauna WM), a stickleback Pungitius polyakovi (FishBase), the Don Tadpole-goby (Wikipedia), and the Siberian Brook Lamprey (iNaturalist). The Sakhalin Sturgeon (FishBase) and the Volga Shad (redbook56) are breeding endemics. Among 10 genera of sculpins endemic to Lake Baikal are Cottocomephorus (zooex.baikal.ru WM), Comephorus (zooex.baikal.ru WM), Procottus (zooex.baikal.ru WM), Abyssocottus and Asprocottus (both at biotopfish), and Cottinella and Neocottus (both at biotopfish).

Endemic marine fish include the Navaga (biotopfish), Brashnikov’s Snailfish (fish.dvo.ru WM), the Hook-eared Sculpin (fish.dvo.ru WM), Dolganov's Sculpin (FishBase), the Shaggy Cockscomb (fig. 89 at BHL), the Coral Prickleback (fig. 98 at BHL), the Okhotsk Lumpsucker (FishBase), the Equalfin Snailfish (FishBase), Skopets' Eelpout (ResearchGate), and the Simushir Skate (ResearchGate).

Invertebrate families exclusive to Lake Baikal include sponges Lubomirskiidae (flickr) (ZooKeys), snails Baicaliidae (b-cabinet) (fu-berlin.de), flatworms Rhynchokarlingiidae (p. 535 of Alexev Shipunov WM pdf), and several amphipod crustaceans: Acanthogammaridae (naturalsciences.be WM) (iNaturalist), Eulimnogamaridae (iNaturalist), Macrohectopidae (zooex.baikal.ru WM), Micruropidae (p. 18 of KMK pdf), Pachyschesidae (p. 24 of KMK pdf), and Pallaseidae (naturalsciences.be WM). The main zooplankton in Lake Baikal is the endemic copepod crustacean Epischura baikalensis (Baikal Dimensions).

Butterflies known only from Russia include and several butterflies: Goldia pacifica (insecta.pro WM), Pseudophilotes jacuticus (iNaturalist), Colias hyperborea (iNaturalist), the Siberian Apollo (iNaturalist), Pseudochazara nukatli (Satyrinae of the W Palearctic WM), Polyommatus australorossicus (EurekAlert! WM), Boloria erda (iNaturalist), Erebia sachaensis (iNaturalist), and Oeneis diluta (iNaturalist). Endemic moths include Victrix svetlanae (GBIF) and Xanthorhoe uralensis (iNaturalist).

A beetle Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae (zin.ru) from the Russian Far East has been considered the sole living member of Jurodidae. Endemic Russian insects include the grasshoppers Prumna specialis (iNaturalist) and Podismopsis gelida (iNaturalist), the katydids Poecilimon bifenestratus (fig. 1B at Semantic Scholar) and Hypsopedes kurentzovi (iNaturalist), a hump-winged cricket Paracyphoderris erebeus (Wikimedia), the longhorn beetles Gaurotina sikhotensis (zin.ru) and Nadezhdiana villosa (SZMN WM), a cave-dwelling rove beetle Seracamaurops komarovi (zin.ru), the ground beetles Jeannelius birsteini (zin.ru) and Carabus avinovi (iNaturalist), a weevil Brachycerus kubanicus (iNaturalist), the caddisflies Zwicknia komica (BOLD) and Baicalina bellicosa (fig. 3 at lin.irk.ru WM pdf), a hover fly Platycheirus cheilosiaeformis (ResearchGate), an ant Formicoxenus sibiricus (AntWiki), the bees Bombus glacialis (ResearchGate) and Nomada setteri (GBIF), and a potter wasp Stenodynerus rossicus (JHR).

Endemic arachnids include a sheet weaver Praestigia makarovae (araneae), a wolf spider Pardosa eskovi (GBIF), a jumping spider Mendoza zebra (salticidae.pl), and the harvestmen Hamitergum eobius (iNaturalist) and Kovalius logunovi (GBIF). Other endemic cave-dwelling arthropods include a woodlouse Ligidium cavaticum (fig. B at ResearchGate), a shrimp Troglocaris jusbaschjani (GBIF), a millipede Heterocaucaseuma feminaepectorum (GBIF), and an amphipod Volgonyx dershavini (ResearchGate). Endemic worms include and earthworm Perelia tuberosa (iNaturalist) and a land leech Orobdella ganini (PLAZI). A family of millipedes Golovatchiidae (VMNH WM pdf) is also known only from the Russian Far East.

Endemic molluscs include the freshwater snails Acroloxus klucharevae (p. 7 of zin.ru pdf) and Viviparus ladogensis (p. 22 of zin.ru pdf), the land snails Acrotoma tunievi and Monacha claussi (both at Fig. 4 at ResearchGate), the marine snail Astyris axicostata (GBIF), the nudibranchs Cuthonella benedykti (ResearchGate) and Dendronotus nordenskioeldi (Brill), and a chiton Kaasichiton kamchatkensis (PLAZI).

Vascular plant species restricted to Russia include Bergenia pacifica (plantarium.ru), Cassiope redowskii (plantarium.ru), Ermania parryoides (plantarium.ru), Galanthus panjutinii (plantarium.ru), Rhododendron sichotense (plantarium.ru), Leontopodium stellatum (Kamchatka Red Book WM), Pulsatilla (or Miyakea) integrifolia (POWO), Primula pinnata (Primula World WM), Campanula komarovii (plantarium.ru), Sanguisorba magnifica (plantarium.ru), Hedysarum zundukii (plantarium.ru), Iris timofejewii (iNaturalist), Astragalus daghestanicus (plantarium.ru), Hornungia angustilimbata (plantarium.ru), Koeleria karavajevii (sevin.ru WM), Jurinea iljinii (plantarium.ru), Cotoneaster cinnabarinus (plantarium.ru), Psephellus avaricus (iNaturalist), Rosa dolichocarpa (iNaturalist), Salix dshugdshurica (plantarium.ru), and Anemone uralensis (plantarium.ru).

Endemic vascular plant genera include Microbiota (plantarium.ru), Tridactylina (plantarium.ru), Muehlbergella (iNaturalist), Arctohyalopoa (GBIF) (POWO), Magadania (plantarium.ru), and Noccaeopsis (GBIF). Redowskia (Google Books) (plantarium.ru) is sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread Smelowskia.

Endemic lichens include Porpidinia brevispora (Species New to Science) and Caloplaca ussuriensis (ResearchGate). Endemic fungi include Suillus gastroflavus (IUCN), Leccinum anastasiae (PLAZI), and Volvariella paludosa (Fungal Planet WM pdf). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Mamillariella geniculata (sevin.ru WM) (IUCN) and Dolichomitriopsis cherdantsevae (fig. 2 at KMK pdf) and the liverworts Gymnomitrion kamchaticum (ResearchGate) and Jungermannia afoninae (GBIF).

Russia includes part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Lake Baikal (FEOW WM) (baikalscience.org WM) is the world’s oldest lake and has extraordinary levels of endemism including seven endemic animal families and over 1000 endemic animal species. The Temperate Rainforests of the Russian Far East (Wikipedia) also are important for endemic species.