Rwanda

Freshwater fish known only from Rwanda include the Bulera Haplo Haplochromis erythromaculatus (FishBase), the Rwasa Barb Labeobarbus ruasae (BHL) (IUCN), and the Rwandese Carp Labeobarbus platystomus (Fig. 2 in BHL) (IUCN).

Mammals unique to Rwanda include Hill’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hilli (BCI) (BDJ) (GBIF) and the Rwandan Shaggy Rat Dasymys rwandae (africamuseum.be) (GBIF).

The Akagera Gracile Blind Snake Letheobia akagerae (GBIF) (iNaturalist) is an endemic reptile. The Rwandan Snake-eater Polemon leopoldi (original description on p. 107 of apncb.be WM pdf) is sometimes considered a synonym of the more widespread Eastern Snake-eater Polemon christyi.

Endemic amphibians include Fischer's Caecilian Boulengerula fischeri (ResearchGate) (iNaturalist), the Nyungwe Squeaker Arthroleptis nyungwensis (Species New to Science), Jackie's Reed Frog Hyperolius jackie (iNaturalist) (GBIF) and the Rwanda Long Reed Frog Hyperolius rwandae (iNaturalist) (figs. C & E at zenodo).

Butterflies found solely in Rwanda include Acraea turlini (Dominique Bernaud), Bebearia dowsetti (africamuseum.be), and Pilodeudorix nyungwe (figs. L & P at ResearchGate). Endemic moths include a silk moth Lobobunaea turlini (African Moths WM), the erebid moths Galtara convergens (African Moths WM) and Tumicla turlini (fig. 19 at ResearchGate), and a noctuid moth Dargeochaeta turlini (AfroMoths WM).

Other endemic insects include a dragonfly Neodythemis nyungwe (IUCN), a damselfly Pseudagrion kamiranzovu (ResearchGate), a praying mantis Dystacta tigrifrutex (flickr) (ZooKeys), the katydids Enyaliopsis guilielmi (OSF) and Horatosphaga karschi (OSF), the flower beetles Pachnoda rwandana (Nyungwe Lepidoptera WM) and Endoxazus vingerhoedti (Nyungwe Lepidoptera WM), a longhorn beetle Apiogaster rwandaensis (Cerambycidae Species WM), the darkling beetles Diaclina muehlei (GBIF) and Amenophis vingerhoedti (Charaxes WM), a net-winged beetle Flagrax ziminae (fig.1 at ResearchGate), the rove beetles Pomphopsilla cyanguguana (GBIF) and Carpelinus caecus (BHL), a carpet beetle Orphinus rusumoensis (dermestidae.com WM), a caddisfly Silvatares laetae (GBIF), and the ants Loboponera edentula (AntWiki) and Strumigenys murshila (AntWiki).

Other endemic invertebrates include a wolf spider Amblyothele kivumba (GBIF), a ground spider Zelotibia kanama (Wikispecies), a palp-footed spider Palpimanus processiger (African Invertebrates), a harvestman Allereca ruandana (p. 14 of UFRJ pdf), a millipede Allantogonus ruandensis (MilliBase), a freshwater crab Potamonautes kivu (PLAZI), a woodlouse Aphiloscia rwandaensis (Taylor & Francis), a copepod Tropodiaptomus kissi (p. 7 of luciopesce.net pdf) (IUCN), and a freshwater snail Pettancylus ruandensis (fig. 48 at BHL).

Among about 50 vascular plant species restricted to Rwanda are several orchids including Liparis harketii (Rolf Fröhling), Disperis stefan-jetteri (DOG WM pdf), Disperis reklieberae (BIOPAT), Margelliantha lebelii and Polystachya bruechertiae (both at Univ. Koblenz-Landau WM), Polystachya leonardina (iNaturalist), Polystachya pamelae (Columbia WM), Ypsilopus liae (IOSPE WM), Tridactyle nanne-ritzkae (BIOPAT), Habenaria hermannjosef-rothii (DOG WM pdf), and Gastrodia rwandensis (Univ. Koblenz-Landau WM). 

Other endemic vascular plants include the world's smallest water lily Nymphaea thermarum (POWO) (IUCN), Beilschmiedia rwandensis (p. 170 of ResearchGate pdf), a cape primrose Streptocarpus bindseilii (Univ. Koblenz-Landau WM), Impatiens nyungwensis (iNaturalist), Impatiens versicolor (ResearchGate), Kniphofia vandeweghei (Species New to Science), Neoschumannia gishwatiensis (GBIF), Aframomum wuerthii (BIOPAT WM), Isoetes rwandensis (BioOne), Stemodiopsis ruandensis (Univ. Koblenz-Landau WM), Dorstenia nyungwensis (GBIF), Capparis lucens (JSTOR), Renealmia timmiorum (PLAZI), a sedge Cyperus vandervekenii (iNaturalist) (BHL), the grasses Coelachne auquieri (GBIF) and Hyparrhenia ruandensis (JSTOR), Rhamnus mildbraedii (GBIF), and a fern Dryopteris schizopaleata (GBIF).

Endemic fungi include Amylohyphus africanus (IUCN). Endemic lichens include Synarthonia pilosella (figs. E-F at ResearchGate) and Heterodermia pindurae (Phytotaxa). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Sematophyllum rheophyticum (ResearchGate) and Rhynchostegium omocrates (GBIF) and the liverworts Amphicephalozia africana (ResearchGate) and Diplasiolejeunea cyanguguensis (p. 255 of issuu pdf). Red algae known only from Rwanda includes Kumanoa rwandensis (pfsyst.botany.pl pdf).

Parts of Rwanda are included in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Nyungwe National Park (WCS WM) is especially rich in endemic species.