Singapore

The Singapore Whiskered Bat Myotis oreias (Species New to Science) has recently been shown to not be a valid species. The Plantain Squirrel Callosciurus notatus singapurensis (Wildlife Singapore WM) is an endemic subspecies.

Endemic amphibians include Subaraj’s Paddy Frog Micryletta subaraji (Vertebrate Zoology) and the Singapore Black Caecilian Ichthyophis singaporensis (BHL) (GBIF), known with certainty only from a single damaged specimen collected in the nineteenth century.

The Glass Goby Gobiopterus birtwistlei (Biodiversity of Singapore) (Mangroves of Singapore) is a fish known solely in Singapore. The Keli Bladefin Catfish Encheloclarias kelioides (Shoal), although originally described from Malaysia, may survive only in Singapore. Tweedie's Leatherjacket Pseudomonacanthus tweediei (p. 7 of Raffles Museum pdf) is a marine fish recorded only from Singapore.

Crabs unique to Singapore include the Singapore Freshwater Crab Johora singaporensis (NTU) (iNaturalist), the Reticulated Swamp Crab Parathelphusa reticulata (iNaturalist) (NParks), Johnson's Freshwater Crab Irmengardia johnsoni (NParks), the hermit crabs Diogenes singaporensis (p. 5 of Raffles Museum pdf) and Pagurus tenuilineatus (p. 18 of Raffles Museum pdf), Typhlocarcinops diminutus (PLAZI), and Favus granulatus (NParks).

Endemic insects include the crickets Cardiodactylus singapura (iNaturalist) and Svistella chekjawa (fig. 3D at Raffles Museum pdf), the katydids Oxylakis singaporensis (iNaturalist) and Glenophisis singapura (GBIF), a creeping water bug Naucoris minutus (p. 5 of Raffles Museum pdf), a firefly Luciola singapura (Species New to Science) (LKCNHM), a stag beetle Figulus exquisitus (Biodiversity of Singapore), a jewel beetle Brachycoraebus aeneus (Sciency Thoughts), a minute moss beetle Hydraena singaporensis (p. 4 of Raffles Museum pdf), a minute marsh-loving beetle Parathroscinus magnus (p. 3 of Raffles Museum pdf), a weevil Trigonopterus singaporensis (ZooKeys), a bee Lasioglossum semirussatum (ResearchGate), the ants Leptanilla hypodracos (AntWiki) and Lioponera singaporensis (AntWiki), a dance fly Empis producta (Biodiversity of Singapore), and the stick insects Necroscia confus (iNaturalist) and Pseudobactricia ridleyi (Phasmida WM).

Spiders known only from Singapore include a wolf spider Ovia macritchie (GBIF), a scaffold web spider Nescina kohi (ZooKeys), the jumping spiders Indopadilla nesinor (ZooKeys) and Kelawakaju singapura (ZooKeys), and the armored spiders Paculla bukittimahensis (Straits Times WM) and Singaporemma lenachanae (ZooKeys). Other endemic invertebrates include the harvestmen Sandokan truncatus (iNaturalist) and Leptosalis (or Stylocellus) ramblae (BHL), a whip spider Sarax singaporae (fig. 1B at BHL), the millipedes Opisthodolichopus scandens (ResearchGate) and Orthomorpha murphyi (ResearchGate), an amphipod crustacean Grandidierella pawaiensis (ResearchGate), a sea anemone Synpeachia temasek (ResearchGate), and a mangrove-dwelling sea slug Elysia singaporensis (Biodiversity of Singapore).

Vascular plants exclusive to Singapore include an orchid Nervilia singaporensis (ResearchGate), Hanguana rubinea (BHL) (iNaturalist), Hanguana triangulata (BHL), Homalomena nathanielii (Biodiversity of Singapore), and Zingiber singapurense (BHL). Extinct species include Strychnos ridleyi (JSTOR) and Neonauclea kranjiensis (ResearchGate).

Lichens known only from Singapore include Astrothelium inspersogalbineum (fig. 3A at ResearchGate). Endemic fungi include Inocybe cingulatipes (p. 22 of MykoWeb pdf) and Micropsalliota lutescens (GBIF). Endemic nonvascular plants include the mosses Ectropothecium singapurense (GBIF) and Splachnobryum temasekensis (p. 6 of J-STAGE pdf) and the liverworts Gaolejeunea hoi (p. 30 of NParks pdf) (BioOne) and Riccardia latifrondoidesa (fig. 2 at Chiba Pref. Museum pdf).

Singapore is part of the Peninsular Malaysian Rain Forests terrestrial ecoregion (EoE) and the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Endemic plant species are discussed at (ResearchGate). Ants known only from Singapore are indicated at (Table 1 of Asian Myrmecology pdf).