Somalia

Birds found only in Somalia include the Somali Pigeon (iNaturalist), the Lesser Hoopoe-Lark (eBird), Sharpe's Lark (Artists for Conservation) (IUCN), the Somali Lark (ABC), Ash's Lark (Google Books), the Obbia Lark (Google Books), the Somali Thrush (eBird), the Somali Grosbeak (observation.org) (p. 6 of Birds Angola pdf), and the Warsangli Linnet (eBird). The Archer's Buzzard Buteo archeri (p. 1 of Birds Angola pdf) (iNaturalist) is also sometimes considered a full species distinct from the Augur Buzzard Buteo augur.

Mammals found nowhere else include the Somali Hedgehog (iNaturalist) (GBIF), Greenwood's White-toothed Shrew (p. 25 of Taylor & Francis pdf), the Somali Striped Mole-rat (GBIF), the Somali Golden Mole (IUCN) (Taylor & Francis pdf), Brockman's Gerbil (GBIF) (BHL), and the Berbera Gerbil (GBIF). The Somali Pygmy Gerbil Microdillus peeli (OZM) (Google Books) is an endemic genus. Lawrance's Dik-dik (Google Books) and Phillips' Dik-dik (iNaturalist) (BioLib) are also sometimes considered full species.

Reptiles unique to Somalia include the Hughes' Saw-scaled Viper (Tomáš Mazuch WM), the Southern Somali Garter Snake (Reptile Database), Schätti's Racer (Reptile Database), a diadem snake Spalerosophis josephscorteccii (p. 31 of Tomáš Mazuch WM pdf), a cat snake Telescopus pulcher (ResearchGate), the African Horn Sand Snake Psammophis cornusafricae (zse), the Somali Sand Boa Eryx somalicus (Herpetology of Ethiopia & Eritrea WM), the Angled Worm Lizard (Reptile Database), Macfayden's Mastigure (uropaty), the Princely Spiny-tailed Lizard (OZM), Lanza's Agama (iNaturalist), the Somali Spiny Agama (Reptile Database), the leaf-toed geckos Hemidactylus granchii (MorphoBank) and Hemidactylus laevis (ResearchGate), the Somali Semaphore Gecko (flickr), Taylor's Longtail Lizard (flickr), Ercolini's Desert Lizard (lacerta.de pdf), and a racerunner Pseuderemias septemstriata (lacerta.de). The Addur Woodland Snake Aprosdoketophis andreonei (ResearchGate), Revoil's Short Snake Brachyophis revoili (GBIF), and Haacke-Greer's Skink Haackgreerius miopus (Sabinet pdf) are endemic genera.

Amphibians exclusive to Somalia include the Somali Sand Frog Tomopterna elegans (African Amphibians WM), Calabresi's Bullfrog Pyxicephalus obbianus (flickr) (IUCN), Gan's Grassland Frog Ptychadena gansi (GBIF), and an endemic genus, Lanza's Frog Lanzarana largeni (p. 4 of Tomáš Mazuch WM pdf) (flickr).

Freshwater fish known solely from Somalia include a killifish Nothobranchius fasciatus (WildNothos), the elephantfishes Mormyrus casalis and Petrocephalus gliroides (both at BHL), the Somalian Cavefish Garra andruzzii (Wikipedia), a catfish Clarotes bidorsalis (FishBase), and a goby Gobius scorteccii (FishBase). Endemic genera include a cave-dwelling airbreathing catfish Uegitglanis zammaranoi (PlanetCatfish) and the Somalian Blind Barb Barbopsis devecchii (Google Books) (cavefishes.org.uk).

Marine fish known only from Somalia include the Western Pygmy Tuskfish Choerodon skaiopygmaeus (BHL), the Somali Flathead Thysanophrys rarita (GBIF), a goby Palutrus pusillus (p. 4 of Taylor & Francis pdf), and the Somalian Sand Diver Trichonotus somaliensis (GBIF).

Insects restricted to Somalia include a flower beetle Pachnoda iskuulka (GBIF), the scarabs Erigavo somalicus (Hannetons WM) and Phyllognathus sabatinellii (GBIF), a tiger beetle Lophyra praetermissa (GBIF), the ground beetles Singilis somalicus (GBIF) and Cypholoba obtusata (fig. 2 at BHL), a cave-dwelling ground beetle Strigomerus troglophilus (Taylor & Francis pdf), the longhorn beetles Cantharocnemis antennatus (Prioninae of the World) and Parhippopsicon albovittatum (p. 6 of Taylor & Francis pdf), the darkling beetles Sepidium magna (Wikipedia) and Phrynocolus transversus (fig. 6 at BHL), a katydid Peropyrrhicia guichardi (OSF), the grasshoppers Guichardippus somalicus (p. 18 of CSIC) and Acoryphella zonata (OSF), a cricket Gabusibius litoreus (PLAZI), a mydas fly Afromydas guichardi (Smithsonian), a scelionid wasp Nixonia bini (WaspWeb WM), a leaf-cutting bee Anthidiellum somaliense (GBIF), the ants Carebara patrizii (AntWiki) and Camponotus sacchii (AntWiki), a crambid moth Achyra melanostictalis (GBIF), and a butterfly Cesa waggae (GBIF).

Other endemic arthropods include the scorpions Pandinurus awalei (GBIF) and Lanzatus somalilandus (OZM) and Sanaag maidensis (fig. 1 at Euscorpius pdf), the solifuges Gluviopsis somalica (GBIF) and Biton brunnipes (fig. 4 at BHL), a harvestman Cristina somalica (p. 13 of UFRJ pdf), a millipede Callistodontopyge cingulata (p. 5 of VMNH pdf), the isopod crustaceans Skotobaena monodi (fig. 18 on p. 6 of AToL Decapoda pdf) and Somalodillo squamatus (p. 4 of Taylor & Francis pdf), and the freshwater shrimps Caridina lanzana (AToL Decapoda pdf) and Macrobrachium scorteccii (IUCN).

Endemic molluscs include the freshwater snails Eussoia aethiopica (fig. 45d at Google Books) (IUCN) and Jubaia excentrica (africamuseum.be), and several land snails: Gulella orestias (BHL), Rachis pachistoma (GBIF), Macroptychia obesa (NMW), Rochebrunia bourguignati (Plate 5 at ResearchGate), and Cerastus featheri (BHL). Endemic marine molluscs include the cone snails Conus echo (IUCN) and Conus bondarevi (IUCN), a murex snail Murex somalicus (Eddie Hardy), a volute Athleta rosavittoriae (Eddie Hardy), a vase snail Vasum stephanti (Eddie Hardy), and the cowries Persicula rashafuni (Eddie Hardy) and Persicula testai (Eddie Hardy).

Among about 500 plant species confined to Somalia are the Somali Cyclamen (Cyclamen Soc.), Adenia ballyi (flickr), Echidnopsis chrysantha (cactus-mall.com), Caralluma huernioides (cactus-mall.com), Aloe bargalensis (flickr), Aloe molederana (ARKive WM) (iNaturalist), Desmidorchis somalica (flickr), Ceropegia buraoensis (ResearchGate), Huernia pulchra and Ballyanthus prognathus (both at ResearchGate), Cyanotis somaliensis (POWO), Dasysphaera hyposericea (Plantes Botanique WM), Teucrium eburneum (ResearchGate), Euphorbia phillipsioides (euphorbia.de WM), Euphorbia turbiniformis (Mark Olson), Pseudolithos migiurtinos (Cactus Art), Dracaena eilensis (POWO), Dorstenia gypsophila (Bihrmann's Caudiciforms), and Sansevieria disticha (p. 1 of TCSS pdf).

Trees known only from Somalia include the frankincenses Boswellia frereana (flickr) and Boswellia occulta (Species New to Science), Aloidendron eminens (iNaturalist), Aloe gracilicaulis (flickr), Mimusops angel (iNaturalist), Senegalia manubensis (ARKive WM), Vachellia cernua (Academia), Albizia obbiadensis (JSTOR), Parkinsonia raimondoi (JSTOR), Hildegardia gillettii (ARKive WM), a myrrh Commiphora gardoensis (GBIF), Dirachma somalensis (GBIF), Bridelia somalensis (JSTOR), and Lannea obovata (GBIF).

Endemic vascular plant genera include Whitesloanea (flickr) (Open Herbarium), Ballyanthus (huernia.com WM), Symphyochlamys (JSTOR), Eriostylos (JSTOR), Renschia (JSTOR), Polyrhabda (JSTOR), Hirania (GBIF), Puccionia (JSTOR), Pseudozoysia (JSTOR), Calciphila (JSTOR) (BHL), and Taeniorhachis (GBIF).

Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Fissidens hildebrandtii (GBIF) and Tortella somaliae (GBIF) and a liverwort Riccia somaliensis (GBIF). Marine algae known only from Somalia include Grateloupia somalensis (Google Arts & Culture).

Somalia includes portions of the Horn of Africa (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) biodiversity hotspots, while portions of the coastal waters are included in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Columbia Univ. WM pdf). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Somali Montane Xeric Woodlands (WWF WM) and the Hobyo Grasslands and Shrublands (WWF WM).