SOUTH Sudan

Mammals found nowhere else include the Mongalla Gazelle (Google Books) (flickr), Hoogstral's Striped Grass Mouse (BHL), and Rupp's African Climbing Mouse (GBIF) (BHL). Sometimes considered full species are the Nile Sitatunga Tragelaphus larkenii (South Sudan DiversityCam) (Google Books) and a sun squirrel Heliosciurus bongensis (p. 8 of SMNS WM pdf).

Reptiles exclusive to South Sudan include the Torit Gracile Blind Snake Letheobia
toritensis (GBIF) and the Mount Kinyeti Chameleon Trioceros kinetensis (IUCN) (BHL). Butler's Black-and-yellow Burrowing Snake Chilorhinophis butleri (Reptile Database) (figs. 8a - 8d at BHL) is sometimes considered to only include the type specimen collected near Mongalla.

A reed frog Hyperolius papyri (ResearchGate) may be distinct from the more widespread Hyperolius nasutus (AmphibiaWeb).

A freshwater fish known exclusively from South Sudan is Enteromius tongaensis (BHL). Another fish, Labeo tongaensis (IUCN) (p. 376 of HELGA pdf), known only by a single specimen is sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread African Carp Labeo coubie (FishBase).

Insects found only in South Sudan include the butterflies Charaxes amandae (Charaxes WM) and Capys bamptoni (Wikispecies), a clearwing moth Lolibaia salimi (AfroMoths WM), a noctuid moth Timora showaki (AfroMoths WM), a cossid moth Acosma gurkoi (AfroMoths WM), a katydid Tenerasphaga nuda (OSF), a gaudy grasshopper Parasphena imatongensis (fig. 14 at Google Books), a longhorn beetle Allogaster nigripennis (Smithsonian WM), a plant beetle Smaragdina imitatrix (GBIF), a rove beetle Thinodromus sudanensis (GBIF), the plant bugs Campylomma rorida (Discover Life) and Zinjolopus elegans (p. 37 of AMNH pdf), a ground bug Melanocoryphus sudd (GBIF), a hangingfly Bittacus imatongensis (BHL), a caddisfly Aethaloptera pricei (p. 9 of Opuscula Zoologica pdf), the termites Astalotermes irrixosus (BHL) and Anenteotermes hemerus (BHL), a potter wasp Ectopioglossa sudanensis (GBIF), and the ants Monomorium kineti (AntWiki) and Aenictus mentu (GBIF) (BHL).

Endemic scorpions include Babycurus solegladi (GBIF) (SEA WM pdf), Neobuthus sudanensis (GBIF), and Buthus jianxinae (GBIF). Other endemic invertebrates include the millipedes Rhamphidarpoides austrosudanicus (ResearchGate) and Helictostreptus attemsi (Brill pdf), the land snails Subulona didingana (GBIF) and Brownisca weberi (fig. 4 at BHL), and a freshwater snail Gabbiella schweinfurthi (Google Books).

Among the vascular plant species restricted to South Sudan are Aloe diolii (flickr),
Aloe austrosudanica (flickr), Aloe ithya (BioOne), a cycad Encephalartos mackenziei (Cycad Soc. pdf), Chlorophytum superpositum (POWO), Bidens chippii (JSTOR), Tragia bongolana (GBIF), Coleochloa glabra (GBIF), Jatropha melanosperma (GBIF), Fuerstia bartsioides (JSTOR), Festuca sudanensis (POWO), Hyperthelia edulis (GBIF), Dorstena annua (JSTOR), Panicum bambusiculme (JSTOR), Humularia sudanica (GBIF), Dicliptera lanceolata (POWO), Bothriocline imatongensis (GBIF), Thunbergia schweinfurthii (POWO), and Hibiscus mongallaensis (GBIF).

South Sudan's Imatong Mountains are considered part of the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the East African Montane Forests (WWF WM) and the Saharan Flooded Grasslands (WWF WM). The Upper Nile (FEOW) is an important freshwater ecoregion.