Sudan

Mammals found nowhere else include the Darfur Gerbil (GBIF), the Principal Gerbil (BHL), the Khartoum Gerbil (GBIF) (IUCN), Lowe's Gerbil (GBIF) (BHL), Botta's Gerbil (GBIF) (BHL), and the Arid Woodland Thicket Rat (GBIF) (Google Books). Burton’s Gerbil Gerbillus burtoni (Wikipedia) (IUCN) is of questionable validity.

The Red Sea Swallow (Birding Sudan) (IUCN) is known only from a single specimen found dead near Port Sudan.

Reptiles exclusive to Sudan include Wilson's Dwarf Skink Panaspis wilsoni (Reptile Database) (BHL), the Blue Nile Cat Snake Telescopus gezirae (p. 5 of Tomáš Mazuch WM pdf) (fig. 7 at ResearchGate pdf), Phillips' Burrowing Asp Atractaspis phillipsi (BHL), and the Sudan Blind Snake Tricheilostoma dissimilis (Reptile Database) (BHL).

A frog Pyxicephalus cordofanus (IUCN) (BHL) described from Sudan is of dubious validity.

Freshwater fish known exclusively from Sudan include the annual killifish Nothobranchius bellemansi (WildNothos) and Nothobranchius occultus (WildNothos), an airbreathing catfish Clarias engelseni (PlanetCatfish), an elephantfish Petrocephalus keatingii (Mormyridae WM) (IUCN), Labeo meroensis (GBIF), Labeo latebra (Cybium), Garra jamila and Garra sannarensis (Cybium), and an apparently undescribed cichlid of the genus Haplochromis (Cybium). Marine fish known only from Port Sudan include a garden eel Gorgasia cotroneii (IUCN) and the Sponge Whipgoby Bryaninops spongicolus (GBIF).

Insects found only in Sudan include the butterflies Leptomyrina sudanica (IUCN) and Papilio wilsoni (africamuseum.be) (GBIF), the moths Catamecia kordofana (BHL) and Chrysopsyche wilsoni (AfroMoths WM) and Afroarabiella sulaki (AfroMoths WM), a silverfish Maindronia beieri (iNaturalist), a rove beetle Micrillus sudanicus (p. 40 of naturkundemuseum-bw.de WM pdf), a flower beetle Rhabdotus kordofana (p. 59 of entoliteratura.entoforum.cz WM pdf), the ground beetles Chlaenius colasi (p. 42 of Entomofauna WM pdf) and Omophron vittulatum (p. 8 of BJC pd), a dermestid beetle Anthrenus linnavuorii (AE pdf), a weevil Epimerogrypus werneri (Fig. 3 at BHL), a leafhopper Oshaibahus kadiae (ResearchGate), a planthopper Raunolina remanei (GBIF), a cricket Homoeogryllus parvus (GBIF), the ants Monomorium hercules (AntWiki) and Lepisiota omeri (Ants of Africa), a braconid wasp Bacuma darfurensis (WaspWeb WM), and a bee Systropha martiali (figs. a &c at ResearchGate).

Other endemic invertebrates include an endemic genus of solifuge Rhagodalma melanocephala (BHL), the solifuges Galeodes edentatus and Rhagodesa cloudsleythompsoni (both at Sabinet pdf), a jumping spider Stenaelurillus siyamae (ResearchGate), a goblin spider Opopaea sudan (p. 20 of KMK pdf), a tree trunk spider Hersiliola eltigani (BHL), a leech Aliolimnatis diversa (BHL), a land snail Macroptychia sennaariensis (GBIF), and several scorpions Buthus duprei (Scorpion Files), Buthus brignolii (BHL), Scorpio sudanensis (SEA WM pdf), and Compsobuthus seicherti (BHL).

The crustacean family Pseudogourretiidae is currently known only from a single specimen of Pseudogourretia portsudanensis (p. 235 of AToL Decapoda pdf) from deep waters in the Red Sea off Port Sudan, although this family has recently been synonymized with the more widespread Gourretiidae (GBIF). Other marine species known only from Sudan include the soft corals Sinularia dactyloclados (Internet Archive) and Sinularia flabelliclavata (Internet Archive).

Among the vascular plant species restricted to Sudan are Aloe sinkatana (ARKive WM), Aloe zubb (flickr), Acalypha hochstetteriana (JSTOR), Nepeta sudanica (JSTOR), Albizia aylmeri (JSTOR), Albuca steudneri (GBIF), Plectranthus (or Equilabium) jebel-marrae (JSTOR), Kniphofia nubigena (POWO), Ipomoea eurysepala (BHL), Fimbristylis falcifolia (BHL), Dipcadi fesoghlense (CJB WM) (BHL), Umbilicus paniculiformis (POWO), and Pseudognaphalium marranum (GBIF).

Endemic non-vascular plants include a moss Tortula sabinae (GBIF).

Sudan's marine life is included in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Columbia Univ. WM pdf). The East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodlands (WWF WM) and the Ethiopian Montane Grasslands and Woodlands (WWF WM) are important terrestrial ecoregions and the Upper Nile (FEOW WM) is an important freshwater ecoregion.