Trinidad and Tobago
Birds found nowhere else include the Trinidad Piping-guan or Pawi (Pawi Study Group WM) (eBird), the Tobago Greenlet (iNaturalist) (Cornell), and the Trinidad Motmot (eBird) (iNaturalist).
A bat Myotis attenboroughi (iNaturalist) (Species New to Science) is known only from Tobago. The Trinidad Red Brocket Mazama trinitatis (Asa Wright WM) (iNaturalist) is also sometimes recognized as a full species distinct from the more widespread Mazama americana and the Trinidad White-fronted Capuchin Cebus trinitatis (iNaturalist) (IUCN) is sometimes considered distinct from Cebus albifrons.
Reptiles
confined to Trinidad and Tobago include the Luminous Lizard Oreosaurus shrevei (Herpetology
of T&T) (iNaturalist),
the Ocellated Gecko Gonatodes
ocellatus
(iNaturalist),
White's Bachia Bachia
whitei (Herpetology
of T&T) (p. 2 of Asa
Wright WM pdf), the Tobago Red Snake Erythrolamprus
ocellatus (ResearchGate)
(iNaturalist),
the
Tobago Stream
Snake Erythrolamprus pseudoreginae (ZooKeys)
(iNaturalist),
the Trinidad Snail-eating Snake Dipsas
trinitatis (Herpetology
of T&T) (iNaturalist),
the
Gray Lora Leptophis
stimsoni (Google
Books) (iNaturalist),
the Trinidad Sipo Chironius nigelnoriegai (Herpetology of T&T) (Semantic Scholar), the Simla Coffee
Snake Ninia franciscoi
(ResearchGate),
and the Trinidad Blind Snake Amerotyphlops
trinitatus
(iNaturalist)
(Herpetology
of T&T).
The Tobago Racer Mastigodryas
dunni (Herpetology
of T&T) (iNaturalist)
is sometimes considered distinct from the
more widespread Mastigodryas
boddaerti and the Tobago Parrot Snake Leptophis halli (GBIF)
has sometimes been considered distinct from the more widespread. Leptophis coeruleodorsus.
Amphibians unique to Trinidad and Tobago include the Yellow-throated
Frog Mannophryne
trinitatis (iNaturalist),
the Bloody Bay Fragrant
Frog Mannophryne olmonae
(iNaturalist)
(ARKive
WM), Urich's
Litter Frog Pristimantis
urichi (ARKive
WM) (iNaturalist),
the Charlotteville Litter Frog Pristimantis
charlottevillensis
(iNaturalist)
(ARKive
WM),
and the Bloody Bay Litter Frog Pristimantis
turpinorum
(Herpetology
of T&T) (iNaturalist). A recently described
narrow-mouthed frog Elachistocleis
nigrogularis (Species
New to Science) (iNaturalist)
is known with certainty only from Trinidad, although it may also occur
in Venezuela.
Freshwater fish restricted to Trinidad and Tobago include the Calypso
Tetra (iNaturalist),
another tetra Astyanax
brevoortii (ResearchGate),
the
Mountain Stream
Sardine Hemibrycon
taeniurus (ResearchGate)
(iNaturalist),
the guppies Poecilia
boesemani (BHL) (ResearchGate) and Poecilia obscura (GBIF),
Hoplerythrinus cinereus
(Smithsonian)
(BHL),
and a catfish Ancistrus trinitatis (PlanetCatfish)
(iNaturalist).
Marine fishes known only from Tobago include the Darksaddle
Blenny Starksia
sella (STRI WM)
and the Tobago Coralbrotula Ogilbichthys
tobagoensis (watlfish.com
WM).
Butterflies and moths known solely from Trinidad and Tobago include a
skipper Cymaenes finca
(Butterflies
of America) (ResearchGate),
the
silk moths Rothschildia
vanschaycki (ResearchGate)
(iNaturalist)
and Gamelia
bennetti (GBIF)
(iNaturalist),
a wasp moth Myrmecopsis
kenedyae (iNaturalist),
the erebid moths Lascoria
purpurascens (fig. 5 at ResearchGate)
and Calodesma
pseudocollaris (GBIF),
a burnet moth Stylura
lamonti (iNaturalist),
a ghost moth Gymelloxes
juliusboosi (iNaturalist),
a cave-dwelling tineid moth Tetrapalpus
trinidadensis (BHL),
a bagworm moth Metaxypsyche
trinidadensis (iNaturalist),
and a snout moth Vitula
trinitatis (iNaturalist).
Other endemic insects include the stick insects Apteroxylus chaguaramalensis (Asa Wright WM) and Ocnophiloidea regularis (iNaturalist), the mantids Liturgusa trinidadensis (iNaturalist) and Bantiella trinitatis (iNaturalist), the cicadas Carineta trinidadensis (GBIF) and Herrera grammosticta (GBIF), a social wasp Chartergellus trinitatis (Semantic Scholar), the ants Pheidole aripoensis (AntWiki) and Nylanderia zaminyop (AntWiki), the bees Plebeia tobagoensis (iNaturalist) and Hypanthidioides insularis (iNaturalist), a termite Chasitermes pax (ZooKeys), a tortoise beetle Chelymorpha trinitatis (iNaturalist), a hercules beetle Dynastes trinidadensis (iNaturalist), a tiger beetle Ctenostoma trinidadensis (SHNAO WM), the longhorn beetles Plocaederus dozieri (Cerambycidae Species WM) and Hyperplatys griseomaculata (Smithsonian WM), a cave-dwelling rove beetle Lithocharodes cavicola (GBIF), a rolled-leaf beetle Cephaloleia rubra (ZooKeys), a checkered beetle Cregya tobagoensis (GBIF), a cave-dwelling cranefly Helius darlingtonae (BHL), a damselfly Leptobasis raineyi (IUCN) (zenodo), a grasshopper Arimacris trinitatis (iNaturalist), and a katydid Cocconotus unicolor (OSF).
Other endemic invertebrates include the tarantulas Psalmopoeus cambridgei
(OGATT
pdf) (iNaturalist)
and Spinosatibiapalpus
trinitatis (iNaturalist),
a wall crab spider Selenops
willinki (iNaturalist),
a jumping spider Cyllodania
trinidad (GBIF),
a huntsman spider Sparianthus
beebei (PLAZI),
a trapdoor spider Ummidia
tunapuna (ZooKeys),
the scorpions Microtityus
rickyi (OGATT
pdf) and Broteochactas
nitidus (iNaturalist)
and Tityus
trinitatis (iNaturalist)
(OGATT
pdf), the harvestmen Pellobunus
longipalpus (GBIF)
and Brasiliogovea
microstyla (GBIF),
the millipedes Pandirodesmus
rutherfordi (iNaturalist)
and Pandirodesmus
jaggernauthi (GBIF),
a centipede Scolopocryptops
sukuyan (iNaturalist),
the velvet worms Macroperipatus
torquatus (OGATT
pdf) (iNaturalist)
and Epiperipatus
trinidadensis (iNaturalist)
and Epiperipatus
broadwayi (iNaturalist),
a land planarian Gigantea
sandersoni (iNaturalist),
a freshwater crab Microthelphusa
odaelkae (figs. 3 & 4 on p. 3 of AToL
Decapoda pdf), a marine snail Oliva drangai
(Olividae
Scratchpad), and several land snails: Halotudora aripensis (iNaturalist),
Lucidella ignicoma
and Leptinaria urichi
(both at ResearchGate),
Neocyclotus rugatus
(iNaturalist),
Drymaeus broadwayi
(iNaturalist),
Drymaeus mossi
(iNaturalist),
Truncatella reclusa
(GBIF),
and Radiodiscus
hollidayi (Bram's
snailblog WM).
Among 59 species of vascular plants (Wikipedia)
found exclusively in Trinidad and Tobago are the orchids Cochleanthes trinitatis
(TTOS)
and Epidendrum
hombersleyi
(TTOS)
and Encyclia
maravalensis (IOSPE
WM)
(OrchidRoots),
Begonia
mariannensis (p. 7 of TTFNC
WM
pdf), Philodendron
simmondsii (Aroid
Pictures WM),
Metastelma freemanii
(Project
Noah),
a bromeliad Vriesea
(or
Werhauhia)
broadwayi (Google
Books), Xyris
grisebachii (ma.co.tt),
Polygala exserta
(iNaturalist),
Odontonema brevipes
(GBIF), Rhipidocladum prestoei (iNaturalist),
Maytenus monticola (JSTOR),
Rhynchospora aripoensis
(JSTOR),
Besleria strigillosa
(GBIF),
Pilea tobagensis
(POWO),
Dicranopygium insulare
(GBIF),
Mikania broadwayi (GBIF),
Eriocaulon caesium
(GBIF),
Gonolobus tobagensis
(BHL), and
Danaea draco
(fig. 4 at Oxford).
Marthella trinitatis
(GBIF)
(IUCN)
(figs. 19-27 at BHL)
represents an endemic genus.
Trees known only from Trinidad and Tobago include Podocarpus trinitensis (iNaturalist), Macrolobium trinitense (ttendemics WM), Clusia tocuchensis (Pl@nt Net), Clusia intertexta (iNaturalist), Croton aripoensis (GBIF), Roupala tobagensis (JSTOR), Coccoloba nigrescens (GBIF), Maytenus monticola (JSTOR), Duguetia tobagensis (GBIF), Aegiphila obovata (GBIF), Phyllanthus acacioides (GBIF), Piper mornicola (JSTOR), Xylosma sanctae-annae (GBIF), Cybianthus cruegeri (JSTOR), and Acalypha grisebachiana (GBIF).
Endemic lichens include Rhabdodiscus trinitatis (GBIF) and Myriotrema arimense (GBIF). Endemic fungi include Austroboletus trinitatensis (NYBG). Endemic non-vascular plants include a liverwort Prionolejeunea ciliata (GBIF).
Trinidad and Tobago comprise the Trinidad and Tobago Moist Forests (EoE) and Trinidad and Tobago Dry Forests (EoE) terrestrial ecoregions.