Tunisia
James' Gerbil Gerbillus jamesi (GBIF) (IUCN) is a mammal found nowhere else. The Kerkennah Islands Gerbil Gerbillus zakariai (Semantic Scholar) is also sometimes considered a full species distinct from the more widespread Lesser Short-tailed Gerbil Gerbillus simoni (Zootierliste).
The Tunisian Horned Viper Cerastes boehmei (BHL) is an endemic snake. A fringe-fingered lizard Acanthodactylus mechriguensis (IUCN) (iNaturalist) is sometimes considered distinct from the more widespread Spotted Fringe-fingered Lizard Acanthodactylus maculatus (lacerta.de).
Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (MNHN) (BHL) is a freshwater fish sometimes considered distinct from the Maghreb Bleak Tropidophoxinellus callensis (FishBase). The Chott el Djerid Barbel Luciobarbus antinorii (GBIF) (BHL) (IUCN) is sometimes considered distinct from the Algerian Barb Luciobarbus callensis (FishBase). The Punican Bleak Anaecypris punica (p. 113 of balkanrivers.net pdf) may survive only in Tunisia.
Beetles endemic to Tunisia include a cave-dwelling ground beetle Laemostenus tiouirii (Karst Worlds WM), a velvet ground beetle Graphipterus piniamitaii (ZooKeys), the leaf beetles Lachnaia padillai (Dr. Lech Borowiec WM) and Coptocephala normandi (p. 100 of AEMNP pdf), a scarab Hybalus bellmanni (GBIF), a jewel beetle Acmaeodera maghrebica (GBIF), a darkling beetle Blaps teocchii (GBIF), the rove beetles Cypha armata and Paraleptusa goraaica (both on p. 19 of Zobodat pdf), and the weevils Echinodera zaghouanensis (curci.de) and Trechus echarouxi (Pérsee).
Other
endemic
insects include the
grasshoppers Helioscirtus
gracilis (GBIF)
and Finotia spinicollis
(Acrinwafrica)
and Pamphagus
meridionalis (Acrinwafrica),
a katydid Parasteropleurus
gracilis (OSF),
a
plantbug Compsidolon
eckerleini (Discover
Life), a stinkbug Schiodtella
laevicollis (Dr.
Lech Borowiec WM pdf), a
mayfly Rhithrogena
sartorii (Zootaxa
pdf), a planthopper
Hysteropterum (or Fieberium) normandi
(GBIF),
the ants Temnothorax
miserabilis (AntWiki)
and Cataglyphis
hannae (AntWiki
pdf), the wasps Dinetus
tunisiensis (GBIF)
and Ferreola tunesiensis
(GBIF),
the bees Spinopasites
spinotus
(p. 22 of Entomofauna
pdf) and Andrena plumbea (GBIF),
and several moths: Outaya grisescens (GBIF),
Denisia curlettii
(BHL),
Amicta chambiana
(GBIF),
and Pleurota dalilae
(GBIF),
.
A
family of crustaceans, the Thermosbaenidae, is sometimes considered to
include only Thermosbaena
mirabilis (figs. A-H at ResearchGate)
(jcs.biologists.org
pdf) which is known only from hot springs at the oasis of El
Hamma.
Other endemic invertebrates include a freshwater flatworm
Dendrocoelum
constrictum
(NSS
pdf), the isopods Porcellio djahizi (ResearchGate)
and Typhlocirolana
ichkeuli (GBIF),
a freshwater amphipod crustacean Echinogammarus
carthaginiensis (ResearchGate),
the millipedes
Glomeris colorata
(ResearchGate)
and Ommatoiulus
chambiensis (ZooKeys), the
centipedes Orya
almohadensis (iNaturalist)
and Eupolybothrus
kahfi (ZooKeys),
the wolf spiders Alopecosa
tunetana (BioLib)
and Allocosa gabesia (BioLib),
a funnel weaver Lycosoides
robertsi (p. 20 of BAS
pdf), a huntsman spider Cerbalus
ergensis (Senckenberg WM
pdf), and several scorpions: Androctonus
turieli (Scorpion
Files), Buthus
chambiensis (p. 6 of Euscorpius
pdf), and Buthus
dunlopi (Semantic
Scholar).
Endemic molluscs include a mudsnail Hydrobia djerbaensis (NHM Rotterdam WM), the freshwater snails Pseudamnicola meluzzii (WMSDB) and Bullaregia tunisiensis (ResearchGate). the subterranean freshwater snails Belgrandiellopsis chorfensis (ResearchGate) and Biserta putealis (ResearchGate), and several land snails: Xerocrassa latasteopsis (ZooKeys), Sphincterochila tunetana (ZooKeys), Cirna micelii (GBIF), Xeroplana idia (BHL), and Mauritanica cossoni and Mauritanica tristrami (both at Biodiversity J. WM pdf).
Among about 30 endemic vascular plant species (fr.wikipedia)
are Marrubium aschersonii
(flickr)
(iNaturalist),
Limonium zembrae (flickr),
Limonium steppicum
(ResearchGate),
Hyacinthoides kroumiriensis
(ResearchGate), Rostraria litorea (iNaturalist),
Ophrys pseudomigoutiana
(ResearchGate),
Allium elaounii
(GBIF),
Rumex tunetanus
(ResearchGate)
(IUCN),
Odontites citrinus
(iNaturalist)
(p. 38 of BGBM WM
pdf), Orobanche dominae
(Mediterranean
Botany pdf),
Linaria cossoni (p.
4 of academia.edu
pdf), Linaria paradoxa (POWO),
Erysimum teppneri
(p. 13 of Zobodat
pdf), Amaranthus
tunetanus (ScienceDirect),
Elaeoselinum tunetanum
(herbmedit.org
pdf),
Teucrium alopecurus
(fig. 6b at IKEE
pdf), Teucrium
schoenenbergeri
(GBIF),
Teucrium radicans (GBIF),
Teucrium sauvagei
(JSTOR),
Ferula tunetana (fr.wikipedia),
Thymelaea sempervirens (JSTOR),
Arabis
tunetana (JSTOR),
Galium olivetorum
(GBIF),
Silene barrattei (GBIF),
Bellevalia dolichophylla
(herbmedit.org
pdf), and Oncostema
maireana
(herbmedit.org
pdf ).
Fungi known only from Tunisia include Coprinus dryophilus (BHL) and Tulostoma kreiselii (Wiley).
Portions of Tunisia are part of the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Important ecoregions for endemic species include the Mediterranean Woodlands and Forests (WWF WM) and the Mediterranean Conifer and Mixed Forests (WWF WM).