Uganda

Endemic mammals include the Rwenzori Shaggy Rat (GBIF) (IUCN), Kityo's Serotine Pseudoromicia kityoi (PLAZI), and perhaps the Ugandan Lowland Shrew (IUCN) (GBIF). Sometimes considered full species are the Nkozi (or Ssese) Island Sitatunga (flickr) (GBIF) and the Rwenzori Duiker (iNaturalist) (GBIF). The Bwindi Forest Gorilla Gorilla beringei bwindi (Bwindi NP) is sometimes considered an endemic subspecies distinct from the Mountain Gorilla Gorilla beringei beringei.

Fox's Weaver (eBird) (iNaturalist) is the sole bird species exclusive to Uganda. The Karamoja Apalis (iNaturalist) is also sometimes considered a full species distinct from the Maasai Apalis of Tanzania and Kenya.

Reptiles known only from Uganda include Tolley's Forest Chameleon Kinyongia tolleyae (ResearchGate) (iNaturalist), the Acuminate Bush Viper Atheris acuminata (p. 15 of BHS pdf), and the Lolui Island Skink Trachylepis loluiensis (Reptile Database) (Google Books).

Amphibians unique to Uganda include the Lake Victoria Toad Sclerophrys vittata (BHL) (IUCN) and Roux's Puddle Frog Phrynobatrachus rouxi (fig. 5 at BHL) (IUCN).

Freshwater fish known only from Uganda include a mochokid catfish Synodontis macrops (PlanetCatfish), an elephantfish Mormyrus macrocephalus (Mormyridae WM), the annual killifishes Nothobranchius taiti (WildNothos) and Nothobranchius albertinensis (WildNothos) and Nothobranchius elucens (GBIF), and a number of cichlids: Haplochromis latifasciatus (Seriously Fish), the Kachira Blue (FishBase), the Papyrus Mouthbrooder (ResearchGate), the Bulera Haplo (iNaturalist), Haplochromis argenteus (MBZ Fund), Haplochromis katonga (ResearchGate), Haplochromis schubotziellus (BHL), and Neochromis simotes (JJPhoto.dk) (freshwaterbiodiversity.ug WM). Endemic cichlid genera include Paralabidochromis (BHL), Pyxichromis (borstein.info WM) (ARKive WM), and Schubotzia (Google Arts & Culture) (BHL).

Butterflies exclusive to Uganda include Euphaedra christyi (ABDB), Euphaedra olivacea (iNaturalist), Acraea lequeuxi (p. 20 of SEF pdf), Geritola wardi (GBIF), Telipna sheffieldi (p. 18 of Metamorphosis pdf), Thermoniphas albocaerulea (iNaturalist), Pseudaletis barnetti (p. 3 of Michel Libert WM pdf), and Osmodes minchini (fig. 1 on p. 28 of Yale pdf). Endemic moths include Homaloxestis arcuatus (GBIF), Lithosiccia mikra (ResearchGate), and Cyana nambi (GBIF).

Other endemic insects include the Moroto Agile Grasshopper (IUCN), a bush-cricket Dioncomena ugandana (GBIF), a damselfly Chlorocypha flammea (ADDO WM), the dragonflies Neodythemis munyaga (ADDO WM) and Idomacromia jillianae (ADDO WM), a goliath beetle Fornasinius hermes (ResearchGate), a jewel beetle Agrilus mungaii (ResearchGate), a leaf-chafer Pegylis ugandensis (p. 7 of Hannetons WM pdf), a ground beetle Kenyacus pusillus (GBIF), the longhorn beetles Conamblys spinicornis (Cerambycidae Species WM) and Guitelia nigrescens (Cerambycidae Species WM), a tortoise beetle Aspidimorpha karamojana (Cassidinae of the World WM), a flea beetle Ugandaltica wagneri (ZooKeys), a rove beetle Metocinus ugandensis (ResearchGate), a bark beetle Afromicracis depilata (GBIF), a soapberry bug Leptocoris ursulae (ResearchGate), a plant bug Gampsodema spissata (Discover Life), a leafhopper Phlogis kibalensis (GBIF), a bee Pachyanthidium obscurum (GBIF), a potter wasp Leptomenes baphomet (ResearchGate), an ichneumonid wasp Epirhyssa quagga (WaspWeb WM), the ants Aenictus bayoni (AntWiki) and Polyrhachis transiens (AntWiki), and a hoverfly Mesembrius longipilosus (ZooKeys).

Other endemic invertebrates include an ant-mimicking jumping spider Ugandinella formicula (Salticidae of the World WM), the jumping spiders Mikrus ugandensis (Internet Archive) and Ajaraneola pajakwandy (GBIF), the pholcid spiders Buitinga griswoldi and Buitinga ruhiza (both at Pholcidae WM), the scorpions Butheoloides grosseri (Scorpion Files) and Pandinus ugandaensis (p. 13 of Euscorpius pdf), a harvestman Tundabia ugandensis (Fig. 24 at UFRJ pdf), the freshwater crabs Potamonautes morotoensis (ResearchGate) and Potamonautes entebbe (ResearchGate), a freshwater shrimp Caridina bunyonyiensis (p. 11 of AToL Decapoda pdf), an earthworm Bettonia budduensis (BHL), a slug Dendrolimax leprosus (ZooKeys), the freshwater snails Gabbiella kichwambae (Google Books) and Bulinus mutandensis (IUCN), and several land snails: Oreohomorus apio (p. 10 of DMG WM pdf), Gulella malasangiensis (fig. 7 at BHL), Trochonanina jingaensis (Wikimedia Commons), and Ptychotrema kigeziense (fig. 2 at BHL).

Among the vascular plant species restricted to Uganda are a cycad Encephalartos macrostrobilus (MBZ Fund), the orchids Aerangis jacksonii (JSTOR) (iNaturalist) and Habenaria ugandensis (JSTOR), Aloe mubendiensis (CalPhotos), Aloe ikiorum (ResearchGate), Aloe tororoana (flickr), Aloe butiabana (iNaturalist), Dracaena (or Sansevieria) subtilis (flickr), Euphorbia dichroa (euphorbia.de WM), Euphorbia petraea (euphorbia.de WM), Helichrysum stuhlmannii (iNaturalist), Crotalaria macrantha (JSTOR), Echinops reticulatus (JSTOR), Baccharoides tayloriana (JSTOR), Clerodendrum wallii (JSTOR), Sabicea entebbensis (JSTOR), Isolepis ruwenzoriensis (POWO), Tiliacora latifolia (GBIF), Solanecio gynuroides (JSTOR), Cyperus afromontanus (GBIF), and Pavetta grumosa (GBIF).

Trees known only from Uganda include Ficus katendei (CBS), Euphorbia stapfii (euphorbia.de WM), Balsamocitrus dawei (UC Riverside), Diospyros katendei (ARKive WM), Uvariodendron magnificum (PLAZI) (JSTOR), and the cycads Encephalartos equatorialis (IUCN) and Encephalartos whitelockii (ARKive WM).

Endemic lichens include Arthonia physcidiicola and Chiodecton sorediatum (both at ResearchGate). Endemic fungi include Phaeoclavulina africana (GBIF) and Marasmius subalbidulus (FFTA). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Calyptothecium pterobryoides (GBIF) and Isopterygium elodes (GBIF) and the liverworts Acanthocoleus elgonensis (MNHN pdf) and Lopholejeunea revoluta (GBIF).

The Albertine Rift region (Albertine Rift Programme WM) is part of the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Lake Victoria (IUCN WM pdf) is one of the world's richest lakes for endemic fish species. Many endemic species are indicated in "Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda" (National Redlists WM pdf).