Cambodia

Endemic birds include the Cambodian Taylorbird (BHL) (eBird) and the Cambodian Laughingthrush (eBird). The Giant Ibis (eBird) may now be a breeding endemic due to severe declines in neighboring countries. The Cambodian subspecies of the Chestnut-headed Hill-partridge Arborophila cambodiana (Cornell) is sometimes treated as a distinct species from the Thai subspecies.

Amphibians unique to Cambodia include the Aural Horned Frog Xenophrys auralensis (Species New to Science), the Damrei Horned Frog Xenophrys damrei (AmphibiaWeb), the Cardamom Bush Frog Philautus cardamonus (IUCN), the Samkos Bush Frog Chiromantis samkosensis (Mongabay), the Cardamom Leaf Litter Frog Leptobrachella neangi (Species New to Science), and the Cardamom Caecilian Ichthyophis cardamomensis (FFI WM).

The Tonle Sap Watersnake Enhydris longicauda (iNaturalist) is heavily harvested as food for humans and farmed crocodiles. Other endemic reptiles include the blind lizards Dibamus dalaiensis (FFI WM) and Dibamus elephantinus (Species New to Science), the Cambodian Kukri Snake Oligodon kampucheaensis (FFI WM) (iNaturalist), the Cambodian Wolf Snake Lycodon zoosvictoriae (GBIF), the bent-toed geckos Cyrtodactylus auralensis (ResearchGate), and Cyrtodactylus bokorensis (iNaturalist) and Cyrtodactylus phnomchiensis (ZooKeys) and Cyrtodactylus laangensis (ResearchGate), Neang Thy’s Rock Gecko Cnemaspis neangthyi (BBC WM), the slender geckos Hemiphyllodactylus bokor and Hemiphyllodactylus samkos (both at Species New to Science), and several skinks: Lygosoma veunsaiensis (FFI WM), Sphenomorphus preylangensis (GBIF), and Scincella nigrofasciata (ResearchGate).

Hayes' Thick-thumbed Myotis Myotis hayesi (ResearchGate) is a recently described bat known only from a single specimen collected in Phnom Penh. A wild cattle last seen in 1988, the Kouprey (ARKive WM) may still survive in Cambodia.

Fish species known solely from Cambodia include Betta stiktos (FishBase), a silurid catfish Pterocryptis bokorensis (FishBase), a hillstream catfish Glyptothorax coracinus (flickr), the stream catfishes Akysis fuliginatus (p. 4 of Raffles Museum pdf) and Akysis clinatus (p. 11 of Raffles Museum pdf), and several loaches: Schistura diminuta (Texas A&M WM pdf), Schistura kampucheensis (ResearchGate), Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis (FIMSEA) and Paracanthocobitis canicula (ResearchGate). A river herring Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus (CAAI) (Raffles Museum pdf) is an endemic genus.

Endemic insects include the stick insects Medauroidea romantica (BJE WM pdf) and Cryptophyllium khmer (ResearchGate), a dragonfly Euthygomphus schorri (GBIF), the lichen moths Stictane bokorensis (GBIF) and Eugoa arguta (GBIF), a long-horned moth Synersaga mondulkiriensis (Semantic Scholar), a tiger beetle Naviauxella loebli (ResearchGate), the ground beetles Amphinemes wooshini (ScienceDirect) and Diplocheila erwini (ZooKeys), the scarab beetles Eocorythoderus incredibilis (Species New to Science) and Termitotrox venus (ZooKeys), the rove beetles Blefuscudia khmer (GBIF) and Discoxenus latiabdominalis (p. 3 of Zootaxa pdf), a cicada Qurana ggoma (ResearchGate), a planthopper Sogana chartieri (iNaturalist), a lanternfly Polydictya khmera (Fig. 6 at ResearchGate), the katydids Olcinia constanti (ResearchGate) and Lipotactes discus (Figs. E-G at ResearchGate), a cricket Rhaphidophora khmerica (OSF), and the ants Crematogaster chhangi (AntWiki) and Carebara colobopsis (JHR).

Other invertebrates known only from Cambodia include a scorpion Chaerilus kampuchea (Arthropoda Selecta WM pdf), a sac spider Systaria procera (GBIF), an armored spider Tetrablemma kepense (ZooKeys), a pseudoscorpion Cybella bedosae (GBIF), a harvestman Melanopula cambodiana (GBIF), the centipedes Tygarrup triporus and Tygarrup crassignathus (both at ZOBODAT WM pdf), the millipedes Eutrichodesmus cambodiensis (ZooKeys) and Plusioglyphiulus khmer and Plusioglyphiulus biserratus (both at ZooKeys), a cave-dwelling woodlouse Exalloniscus kampucheaensis (ResearchGate), a freshwater crab Limnopilos miromekong (Species New to Science), a freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium hungi (zenodo), a freshwater amphipod Kamaka tonlensis (GBIF), and an earthworm Glyphidrilus jamiesoni (GBIF).

Endemic molluscs include a freshwater mussel Namkongnaia lemeslei (ResearchGate), the freshwater snails Anentome cambojiensis (ZooKeys) and Hydrorissoia cambodiensis (GBIF), and several land snails: Cambodiparmarion doroshenkoi (GBIF), Pseudobuliminus harryleei (Femorale WM), Pupina crosseana (fig. 3C at ZooKeys), Opisthostoma supinum (Opisthostoma), Notharinia constricta (p. 4 of IUCN pdf), Gyliotrachela khmeriana (PLAZI), Sarika lactoconcha (p. 9 of EJT pdf), Cyclophorus stungtrengensis (GBIF), Anauchen chaunosalpinx (GBIF), and Amphidromus begini (Femorale WM).

Plants unique to Cambodia include the pitcher plants Nepenthes bokorensis (Wikipedia) and Nepenthes holdenii (FFI WM), Sonerila cardamomensis (PhytoKeys), Sarcolobus cambogensis (ResearchGate), the palms Areca riparia (Palmpedia) and Calamus kampucheaensis (p. 93 of WWF pdf), Urophyllum pulchristipulum (p. 19 of MNHN pdf) Impatiens bokorensis (ResearchGate), Machilus bokorensis (PhytoKeys), Lespedeza cambodianum (ResearchGate), Peliosanthes cambodiana (p. 7 of Rufford WM pdf), a ginger Globba bokorensis (iNaturalist), Euphorbia bokorensis (Semantic Scholar), the orchids Doritis boulbetii (ResearchGate) and Porpax verrucosa (POWO), Alocasia jiewhoei (BHL), Thismia bokorensis (ResearchGate), Lasianthus cambodianus (ResearchGate), Syzygium kampotense (PhytoKeys), and Solanum sakhanii (ResearchGate). Khmeriosicyos (Internet Archive) is an endemic genus of Cucurbitaceae. Polythecanthum (JSTOR) is usually treated as a synonym of the more widely distributed Ochna integerrima.

Trees known only from Cambodia include a stone oak Lithocarpus eriobotryifolius (fig. 13 at J-STAGE pdf), an oak Quercus cambodiensis (PhytoKeys), Syzygium veal (PLAZI), Styrax cambodianus (ResearchGate), Lindera bokorensis (p. 21 at J-STAGE pdf), Castanopsis cambodiana (p. 266 of ffish.asia pdf), Heteropanax bokorensis (Semantic Scholar), Heptapleurum cambodianum (fig. 5 at J-STAGE pdf), Diospyros elephasii (p. 193 of ffish.asia pdf), Helicia elephanti (p. 554 of ffish.asia pdf), Machilus bokorensis (PhytoKeys), Elaeocarpus thorelii (p. 211 of ffish.asia pdf), and Cinnamomum cambodianum (p. 322 of ffish.asia pdf).

Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Trichosteleum aquatile (GBIF) and Trichosteleum popokvilense (GBIF) and the liverworts Cololejeunea cambodiana (GBIF) and Cololejeunea kiriromensis (GBIF).

Cambodia is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). An important ecoregion for endemic species is the Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests (EoE). The Mekong River (ResearchGate) has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.