New Caledonia

Trees unique to New Caledonia include the endemic families Amborellaceae (iNaturalist) and Phellinaceae (Endemia). Oncothecaceae (Endemia) is also frequently considered to represent an endemic family. Endemic conifers include Araucaria muelleri (RBGE), Pancher's Cypress-pine (iNaturalist), Dacrydium araucarioides (iNaturalist), and the New Caledonia Yew (RBGE). Endemic palm genera include Cyphophoenix (PACSOA WM), Chambeyronia (iNaturalist), and Burretiokentia (PACSOA WM). Other endemic trees include the Panie Kauri (IUCN), Paracryphia alticola (Endemia), Strasburgeria robusta (Endemia), Virotia angustifolia (Endemia), Acropogon paagoumenensis (p. 5 of Endemia pdf), Ixora margaretae (Endemia), Xanthostemon aurantiacus (Endemia), Myodocarpus pinnatus (Endemia), Montrouziera cauliflora (iNaturalist), and Grevillea meisneri (Endemia).

Other endemic vascular plants among New Caledonia's over 2500 endemic species (ResearchGate) include the world's only parasitic gymnosperm Parasitaxus ustus (RBGE), the New Caledonia Bottlebrush Lily (iNaturalist), Peripterygia marginata (p. 14 of Endemia pdf), Drosera neocaledonica (iNaturalist), Nepenthes vieillardii (iNaturalist), Cyathopsis floribunda (Endemia), Purpureostemon ciliatus (Endemia), Stromatopteris moniliformis (Endemia), Campynemanthe viridiflora (iNaturalist), Thiollierea campanulata (iNaturalist), Parsonsia flexuosa (iNaturalist), Hachettea austrocaledonica (iNaturalist), Greslania rivularis (iNaturalist), Mangenotiella stellata (iNaturalist), Daenikera corallina (Endemia), and Dicksonia thyrsopteroides (iNaturalist). Endemic orchid genera include Eriaxis (Endemia), Gonatostylis (Endemia), Clematepistephium (Endemia), and Coilochilus (Endemia).

Bird genera found nowhere else include the Cloven-feathered Dove (Endemia), the Ouvea Parakeet (eBird), the Yellow-bellied Robin (eBird), and an endemic family, the Kagu (eBird). Other endemic birds include the New Caledonian Imperial Pigeon (Endemia), the New Caledonian Lorikeet (Wikipedia), the White-bellied Goshawk (eBird), the New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar (Wikipedia) (EDGE), the New Caledonian Rail (Wikipedia), the New Caledonian Buttonquail (Lost Birds), the New Caledonian Cicadabird (iNaturalist), the Crow Honeyeater (eBird), the New Caledonian Friarbird (eBird), the New Caledonian Myzomela (eBird), the Striated Starling (eBird), the New Caledonian Thicketbird (eBird), the New Caledonian Whistler (Endemia), and the Red-throated Parrotfinch (eBird). The New Caledonian Crow (Univ. Auckland WM) (eBird) is renowned for skill in tool use. The New Caledonian Storm Petrel (Species New to Science) is a breeding endemic.

Endemic mammals include the Ornate Flying Fox (Endemia), the New Caledonian Flying Fox (Endemia), the New Caledonian Blossom Bat (ARKive WM) (Endemia), the New Caledonian Wattled Bat (Endemia) (iNaturalist), the Loyalty Long-fingered Bat (Endemia), and the New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Endemia) (ResearchGate).

Representing genera of geckos unique to New Caledonia are Bauer's Chameleon Gecko (Reptile Database), the Forest Bavayia (iNaturalist), the Short-snouted Mossy Gecko (iNaturalist), the New Caledonian Crested Gecko (Endemia), the Poum Striped Gecko (iNaturalist), the High Elevation Bavayia (IUCN), the Marbled Gecko (IUCN), and the world's largest living species, the New Caledonian Giant Gecko (Endemia). Endemic skink genera include Graciliscincus (Endemia), Lacertoides (Endemia), Marmorosphax (Endemia), Lioscincus (ARKive WM), Nannoscincus (ARKive WM), Phoboscincus (IUCN), Sigaloseps (Endemia), Simiscincus (Endemia), Kanakysaurus (Endemia), and Celatiscincus (Endemia). Endemic snakes include the New Caledonian Sea Krait (Endemia), Laboute's Sea Snake (upper left on p. 10 of IRD pdf), and the Loyalty Islands Blind Snake (BHL).

Freshwater fish restricted to New Caledonia include endemic genera of silverside Bleheratherina (Endemia) (iNaturalist) and loach goby Protogobius (iNaturalist) (Vies d'Ô douce WM). Other endemic freshwater fish include Galaxias neocaledonicus (Endemia), a dartfish Parioglossus neocaledonicus (Endemia), the Dumbea Rive Pipefish Microphis cruentus (Shoal), the gobies Schismatogobius fuligimentus (Endemia) and Sicyopterus sarasini (FishBase), and an undescribed snakehead gudgeon (p. 163 of CNRT pdf).

Endemic marine fish include the New Caledonia Catshark (Shark References), the Butterfly Stingaree (fig. 4 at IRD pdf), the Freckled Dottyback Ogilbyina salvati (reefbuilders), the Glowtail Pipefish Dunckerocampus chapmani (Endemia), the Pygmy Thorny Seahorse (MNHN), the New Caledonian Seabream (Image du Monde), a goby Amblyeleotris bellicauda (Image du Monde), a cardinalfish Jaydia catalai (FishBase), the Sunrise Anthias Pyronotanthias timanoa (Image du Monde WM), the New Caledonian Striped Triplefin (FishBase), a sandperch Parapercis albipinna (FishBase), and the New Caledonian Longtail Dragonet (iNaturalist). Endemic genera include a snake eel Rhinophichthus (p. 12 of VLIZ pdf) and a viviparous brotula Lapitaichthys (BHL).

Butterflies known solely from New Caledonia include the Blue Swallowtail (Endemia), Graphium gelon (Endemia), Delias ellipsis (Endemia), Elodina signata (iNaturalist), Nacaduba deplorans (iNaturalist), Theclinesthes petersi (Endemia), Deudorix pewcaecus (Endemia), Polyura gamma (Endemia), Paratisiphone lyrnessa (Endemia), Euploea helcita (iNaturalist), and Austroypthima petersi (Endemia). Endemic moths include Compsulyx cochereaui (Endemia), Sabatinca kristenseni (iNaturalist), and Amerila albivitrea (iNaturalist).

Other endemic insects include the longhorn beetles Caledonandra austrocaledonica (iNaturalist) and Agrianome fairmairei (iNaturalist), a tiger beetle Caledonica mniszechi (Endemia), a ground beetle Cyphocoleus monteithi (iNaturalist), a leaf beetle Cazeresia montana (iNaturalist), the weevils Pterapion monstrosum (iNaturalist) and Callistomorphus farinosus (ZooKeys), a cicada Kanakia typica (Endemia), the crickets Pixibinthus sonicus (PLOS) and Bullita transversa (fig. 4A at ResearchGate), the Coconut Grasshopper (Endemia), the stick insects Gigantophasma bicolor (iNaturalist) and Cnipsus rhachis (Endemia), a leaf insect Trolicaphyllium sarrameaense (ZooKeys), a mantis Notomantis brunneriana (iNaturalist), a damselfly Caledopteryx maculata (Endemia), a dragonfly Calesynthemis miranda (iNaturalist), a hoverfly Ceriana antipoda (iNaturalist), a genus of caddisflies Mecynostomella (BOLD), the bees Megachile australis (iNaturalist) and Austronomia sicheli (Endemia), a paper wasp Ropalidia clavata (iNaturalist), and the ants Leptomyrmex nigriceps (Image du Monde) and Paraparatrechina foreli (iNaturalist).

Endemic invertebrate families include harvestmen Troglosironidae (iNaturalist) (AAS WM pdf), a bryozoan Clathrolunulidae (Bryozoa.net), a brittle star Ophiojuridae (Live Science), and a crinoid Eudesicrinidae (Google Books) (GBIF).

The endemic land snails include Placostylus fibratus (iNaturalist), Pararhytida dictyodes (Endemia), Tropidotropis trichocoma (iNaturalist), Micromphalia abax (iNaturalist), Leuchocharis pancheri (GBIF), and an endemic family, the Draparnaudiidae (iNaturalist) (Femorale WM). Other endemic invertebrates include the freshwater snail genera Kanakyella and Caledoconcha (both at ResearchGate), the spider genera Caledomedes (iNaturalist) and Corambis (GBIF) and Bradystichus (AMNH WM pdf), the harvestmen genera Martensopsalis (GBIF) and Diaenobunus (iNaturalist), a scorpion Liocheles neocaledonicus (Endemia), a whip spider Charinus neocaledonicus (iNaturalist), a springtail Caledonimeria mirabilis (iNaturalist), a millipede Rhinotus ducalis (iNaturalist), a centipede Easonobius tridentatus (BHL), a woodlouse Xestodillo zebricolor (iNaturalist), a crab Odiomaris pilosus (Endemia), a freshwater shrimp Paratya caledonica (iNaturalist), a marine shrimp Koumacella neocaledonica (MDPI), a land planarian Australopacifica sarasiniana (iNaturalist), an earthworm Acanthodrilus barrieri (ResearchGate), a sea urchin Coelopleurus exquisitus (GBIF), a mushroom coral Cantharellus noumeae (NOAA) (iNaturalist), the nudibranchs Verconia catalai (Endemia) and Hypselodoris lacteola (Endemia), and the cone snails Conus gondwanensis (IUCN) and Conus goudeyi (GBIF).

Endemic fungi include Podoserpula miranda (IUCN), Russula koniamboensis (PLAZI), and Hymenopellis atroruginosus (IUCN). Endemic lichens include Astrochapsa verruculosa (fig 1A at ResearchGate) and Ocellularia pulchella (ResearchGate). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Leratia neocaledonica (Endemia) and Bryum pancheri (Endemia) and the liverworts Meinungeria mouensis (Endemia) and Otoscyphus crassicaulis (MNHN). Endemic marine algae include Laurencia vieillardii (GBIF) and Callithamnion vieillardii (GBIF).

New Caledonia is a territory of France and forms its own biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The marine fauna of New Caledonia is considered one of the world's most important marine centers of endemism (Columbia Univ. WM pdf). The Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel provides lists of endemic animals (INPN) and endemic plants (INPN). An overview of marine life is at (IRD pdf).