Pakistan

Mammals found only in Pakistan include the Balochistan Pygmy Jerboa (Rodent-Info.net WM) (GBIF) (iNaturalist), the Balochistan Forest Dormouse (GBIF) (BHL), the Kohistan Mountain Vole (p. 85 of OAPEN pdf), and the Pale Gray White-toothed Shrew (GBIF). The Punjab Urial (caprinae world) is sometimes considered a full species, while the Chiltan Wild Goat Capra aegagrus chialtanensis (caprinae world) (iNaturalist) is an endemic subspecies. The Indus River Dolphin (WWF-Pakistan WM) (Species New to Science) is a near-endemic with only a tiny isolated population occuring also in the Beas River in India.

Reptiles unique to Pakistan include the Pakistan Rock Agama (CalPhotos), Farooq’s Garden Lizard (iNaturalist), the Red-throated Agama (Reptile Database), the Chitral Gecko (Reptile Database), Baig's Tuberculated Rock Gecko (CalPhotos), the Battle Plump Gecko (Reptile Database), Tanishpa's Dwarf Gecko (GBIF), Kushmore's House Gecko (iNaturalist), the Batura Glacier Gecko (CalPhotos), the Pakistan Fan-fingered Gecko (BHL), the Cholistan Desert Lacerta (lacerta.de), Kakar's Racerunner (Species New to Science), the Thal Skink Eumeces indothalensis (BHL), the Cholistan Striped Skink (GBIF), the blind snakes Indotyphlops madgemintonai and Indotyphlops ahsanai (both at Wildlife of Pakistan WM pdf), the Brahui Racer Platyceps noeli (p. 63 of Senckenberg WM pdf), and the Sind River Mud Snake Mintonophis pakistanicus (BHL) (ResearchGate).

Endemic amphibians include the Swat Green Toad Bufotes pseudoraddei (AmphibiaWeb) (iNaturalist), the Baloch Green Toad Bufotes zugmayeri (fig. D at ResearchGate) (iNaturalist), and the Kashmir Torrent Frog Allopaa barmoachensis (fig. F at ResearchGate).

Freshwater fish known solely from Pakistan include the Indus Catfish Mystus horai (ScotCat), the Zhobi Mahseer Naziritor zhobensis (FishBase), Labeo nigripinnus (fig. 3 at BHL), the loaches Schistura machensis (p. 12 of Taylor & Francis pdf) and Paraschistura (or Schistura) prashari (p. 3 of SciELO pdf) and Triplophysa choprai (p. 4 of OAJI pdf), a snow carp Schizothorax ramzani (biosoc.pk WM pdf), Puntius waageni (fig. 4 at BHL), and a hill trout Barilius pakistanicus (FishBase). Endemic Asian hillstream catfishes include Nangra robusta (p. 3 of SciELO pdf), Glyptothorax stocki (Naturalis pdf), and Sisor pakistanicus (biosoc.pk WM pdf).

Marine fish recorded solely from Pakistan include an anchovy Thryssa supra (Facebook), a goby Bathygobius karachiensis (Cybium pdf), the Reverse Skate Amblyraja reversa (p. 60 of FAO pdf), and a torpedo ray Torpedo zugmayeri (fig. 6 at ResearchGate).

Butterflies restricted to Pakistan include Pseudochazara annieae (BHL), Hyponephele filistigma (BHL), Karanasa pupilata (fig. 10 at Internet Archive), Lasiommata ananda (figs. 2 & 5 at BHL), Polyommatus muellerae (figs. 17-20 at zobodat pdf), Pamiria farazi (Wikimedia Commons), and Turanana chitrali (BHL). Endemic moths include a hawk moth Hyles stroehlei (Sphingidae of the W Palaearctic), a carpenter moth Dervishiya sindhi (fig. 9 at ResearchGate), and an armyworm Spodoptera hirsutus (ResearchGate).

Other endemic insects include a ground beetle Carabus baronii (flickr), a tiger beetle Myriochila akhteri (ResearchGate), the longhorn beetles Chlorophorus pseudoswatensis (Cerambycidae Species WM) and Afghanicenus aulicus (p. 21 of Biologiezentrum WM pdf), a click beetle Lanelater pakistanicus (GBIF), a tortoise beetle Notosacantha pakistanica (ResearchGate), a flower beetle Coenochilus hervillardi (GBIF), a darkling beetle Dietomorpha gonzalesi (Wikispecies), the bees Parammobatodes craterus (p. 8 at zobodat pdf) and Pseudapis oysterensis (Atlas Hymenoptera WM), a potter wasp Alastor laticlypeus (ResearchGate), the ants Stenamma jeriorum (AntWiki) and Proceratium confinium (AntWiki), a hoverfly Merodon nigroalatus (GBIF), the katydids Sathrophyllia irshadi (ZooKeys) and Tettigonia chitralensis (fig. 1 at ZSP pdf), a grasshopper Eremopeza kashmirensis (GBIF), a damselfly Calicnemia fortis (ResearchGate), and the cicadas Pakidetta jamshoroensis (GBIF) and Cicadatra ziaratica (ResearchGate).

Other endemic invertebrates include the scorpions Hottentotta finneganae (p. 20 of Euscorpius pdf) and Fetilinia dentator (GBIF), the jumping spiders Stenaelurillus mardanicus (ZooKeys) and Aelurillus tenebrosus (Salticidae of the World WM), a lynx spider Oxyopes shorkotensis (ZSP pdf), a cellar spider Pholcus kalam (GBIF), a harvestman Starengovia ivanloebli (GBIF), a whip spider Charinus (or Sarax) pakistanus (PLAZI), a millipede Quasidesmus puschtun (BHL), a freshwater crab Himalayapotamon robertsianum (PLAZI), a hermit crab Pagurus nisari (ResearchGate), a freshwater amphipod Sarothrogammarus kalamensis (PLAZI), and the land snails Cylindrophaedusa farooqi (ResearchGate) and Columella nymphaepratensis (figs. 2-6 at ResearchGate). Endemic marine molluscs include a cleft clam Leptaxinus indusarium (Levin Lab pdf) and the whelks Bullia kurrachensis (Eddie Hardy) and Bullia indusindica (Eddie Hardy).

Among about 300 vascular plant species exclusive to Pakistan (paspk.org pdf) are Chrysojasminum leptophyllum (POWO), Astragalus gilgitensis (p. 19 of WWF Pakistan WM pdf), Androsace russellii (pakbs.org pdf), Haplophyllum gilesii (p. 26 of WWF Pakistan WM pdf), Rhodiola saxifragoides (p. 28 of WWF Pakistan WM pdf), a tansy Tanacetum baltistanicum (FleursTerre), a tamarisk Tamarix pakistanica (Flora of Pakistan WM), a pink Saponaria subrosularis (Facebook), Allium zhobicum (ResearchGate), Silene longisepala (Rufford pdf), Aegopodium burttii (Flora of Pakistan WM), Oxytropis mandokhailii (ResearchGate), Tephrosia rechingeri (Facebook), Nepeta sulaimanica (ResearchGate), Cardamine pakistanica (GBIF), Vincetoxicum stocksii (PhytoKeys), a mallow Malva qaiseri (Flora of Pakistan WM), Convolvulus scindicus (p. 134 of Forever Indus WM pdf), Cicer appozaicum (ResearchGate), Dolomiaea megacephala (fig. 6 at ResearchGate), Douepea tortuosa (Facebook), Tragopogon pashtunianus (ResearchGate), and Abutilon jafrii (ResearchGate). Endemic genera include Spiroseris (Cichorieae Portal pdf) (GBIF) and Zhobia (twitter) (Oxford).

Endemic fungi include Amanita ahmadii (ResearchGate) and Cortinarius pseudotorvus (ResearchGate). Endemic lichens include Caloplaca cyanotropha (botanika.prf.jcu.cz) and Halecania pakistanica (GBIF). Endemic non-vascular plants include the mosses Plagiothecium higuchii (PhytoKeys), Miyabea nishimurae (GBIF), and Fissidens chitralensis (GBIF). Endemic marine algae include Stypopodium shameelii (fig. 2A5 at ResearchGate).

Part of Pakistan is included in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Sulaiman Range Alpine Meadows (EoE) and the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau Alpine Steppe (EoE).