Tanzania

Primates found nowhere else include the Rondo Dwarf Galago (iNaturalist), the Tanzania Coast Dwarf Galago (Dwarf Galagos WM), the Zanzibar Red Colobus (ARKive WM), the Udzungwa Red Colobus (ARKive WM), the Southern Patas Monkey (iNaturalist), the Sanje River Mangabey (ARKive WM), and an endemic genus: the Kipunji (ARKive WM).

Other endemic mammals include Abbott's Duiker (Ultimate Ungulate), Thomas' Dik-dik (ResearchGate), the Pemba Flying Fox (iNaturalist), Bakari's Free-tailed Bat (Mammals of Tanzania WM), Swynnerton's Bush Squirrel (Mammals of Tanzania WM), the African mole rats Fukomys hanangensis and Fukomys livingstoni (both at phys.org), Verhagen's Brush-furred Rat (Mammals of Tanzania WM), the Eastern Arc Wood Mouse (Mammals of Tanzania WM), the Kilimanjaro Mouse Shrew (Mammals of Tanzania WM), Howell's Forest Shrew (Mammals of Tanzania WM), Phillip's Congo Shrew (Mammals of Tanzania), and the Gray-faced Sengi (IUCN). Also sometimes considered full species are the Ruahu Topi (ZooChat) (GBIF) and the Mountain Blue Duiker (GBIF).

Birds unique to Tanzania include the Pemba Scops-owl (eBird), the Gray-breasted Francolin (eBird), the Yellow-collared Lovebird (WPT), the Pemba Green-pigeon (eBird), Emin's Barbet (Joe Morlan), Reichenow's Turaco (flickr), the Uluguru Bush-shrike (eBird), Moreau's Sunbird (iNaturalist), the Banded Sunbird (Tanzanian Birds), the Iringa Akalat (ARKive WM), the Kilombero Weaver (Tanzanian Birds), the Pemba White-eye (ABC), the Usambara Hyliota (eBird), the Usambara Thrush (Tanzanian Birds), the Kilombero Cisticola (eBird), and the Ashy Starling (Tanzanian Birds). Endemic genera include the Udzungwa Forest-partridge (Tanzanian Birds), Winifred's Warbler (eBird), and the Rufous-tailed Weaver (ABC).

Reptiles exclusive to Tanzania include the West Usambara Blade-horned Chameleon (IUCN), the Usambara Giant Three-horned Chameleon (iNaturalist), the Spiny-flanked Chameleon (ARKive WM), the Rubeho Pygmy Chameleon (ResearchGate), the Turquoise Dwarf Gecko (dwarfgeckos.com WM), the Pemba Day Gecko (Reptile Database), the Montane Rock Agama (iNaturalist), the Udzungwa Long-tailed Seps (iNaturalist), the Ukinga Girdled Lizard (Reptile Database), the Pemba Speckle-lipped Skink (iNaturalist), the Katavi Blind Dart Skink (Google Books), the Ornate Shovel-snout (p. 42 of CEPF pdf), the Red-snouted Wolf Snake (iNaturalist), Werner’s Tree Snake (iNaturalist), the Usambara Garter Snake (iNaturalist), the Pemba Boomslang (p. 49 of SHF WM pdf), the Udzungwa Mountain Viper (iNaturalist), and the Usambara Eyelash Viper (CalPhotos). Endemic genera include the worm lizards Loveridgea (Google Books) and the Dagger-tooth Vine Snake Xyelodontophis (iNaturalist).

Amphibians restricted to Tanzania include the Mazumbai Warty Frog (IUCN), the Uluguru Forest Tree Frog (iNaturalist), Nike's Squeaker (ARKive WM), the Uluguru Banana Frog (iNaturalist), the Rungwe Big-fingered Frog (ARKive WM), Keith's Wot-wot (ARKive WM), Davenport's Reed Frog (IUCN), the Jozani Running Frog (ResearchGate), the Southern Torrent Frog (iNaturalist), Krefft's Puddle Frog (IUCN), the Mount Meru Stream Frog (IUCN), the Morara Forest Toad (IUCN), Boulenger's Caecilian (CalPhotos) (p. 151 of CEPF pdf), and the Banded Caecilian (CalPhotos). Endemic genera include the toads Nectophrynoides (AmphibiaWeb) (iNaturalist), the Beautiful Forest Toad Churamiti (ARKive WM), the Usambara Blue-bellied Frog Hoplophryne (ARKive WM), the Usambara Black-banded Frog Parhoplophryne (GBIF), and the Scarlet-snouted Frog Spelaeophryne (p. 85 of ResearchGate pdf).

Freshwater fish known solely from Tanzania include a killifish Nothobranchius insularis (WildNothos), the Blue Tigerfish (iNaturalist), the Lake Rukwa Lampeye (FishBase), the catfishes Synodontis rufigiensis (PlanetCatfish) and Amphilius chalei (FishBase) and Zaireichthys wamiensis (ARKive WM), the Olivegreen Ufipa Barb (FishBase), the Lake Rukwa Sardine (FishBase), a shellear Parakneria tanzaniae (FishBase), Distichodus rufigiensis (FishBase), an elephantfish Petrocephalus stuhlmanni (Mormyridae WM), and several cichlids: Julidochromis marksmithi (tanganyika.si WM), Oreochromis latilabris (FishBase), Pundamilia igneopinnis (ARKive WM), and Chindongo demasoni (FishBase). Endemic genera include an African tetra Petersius (Google Books) (IRD WM), a barb Xenobarbus (GBIF), and several cichlids: Mbipia (african-cichlid.com WM), Ctenochromis (GBIF), and Lithochromis (Big Sky Cichlids WM).

Marine fish known only from Zanzibar include the the Smoothscale Sweeper (FishBase), the Zanzibar Sweeper (FishBase), a bandfish Owstonia lepiota (GBIF), a pipefish Bulbonaricus brucei (IUCN), a goby Amblyeleotris delicatulus (GBIF), Bradbury's Triangular Batfish (GBIF), and Anna's Sixgill Sawshark (ResearchGate).

Butterflies confined to Tanzania include the Kilimanjaro Swallowtail (Tanzanian Butterflies), Charaxes prettejohni (Tanzanian Butterflies), the Tanzanian Diadem (Tanzanian Butterflies), Acraea punctimarginea (Dominique Bernaud), Cymothoe amaniensis (Tanzanian Butterflies), Bicyclus danckelmani (iNaturalist), Neocoenyra heckmanni (Tanzanian Butterflies), Alaena ferrulineata (iNaturalist), Baliochila mwanihanae (iNaturalist), Physcaeneura jacksoni (Tanzanian Butterflies), Anthene rubrimaculata (iNaturalist), Euphaedra confina (metafro), and the Tanzanian White-cloaked Skipper (iNaturalist). Endemic moths include Polyptychoides mbarikensis (African Moths) and Antistathmoptera elegans (AfroMoths WM).

Other endemic insects include the Golden Dancing-jewel (ADDO WM), the Usambara Micmac (ADDO WM), the katydids Aerotegmina kilimandjarica (OSF) and Euryastes jagoi (OSF), the grasshoppers Aresceutica morogorica (IUCN) and Euschmidtia uvarovi (IUCN), the Turquoise Cricket (iNaturalist), a driver ant Dorylus montanus (AntWiki), a bee Lasioglossum ereptor (ResearchGate), a cicada Afzeliada iringana (GBIF), a hoverfly Lyneborgimyia magnifica (iNaturalist), the longhorn beetles Macrotoma drumonti (Prioninae of the World) and Olenecamptus zanzibaricus (GBIF), the flower beetles Conradtia principalis (Flower Beetles) and Hegemus vittatus (flickr), a ground beetle Typhloscaris uluguruensis (Harvard), a darkling beetle Eulytus nodipennis (iNaturalist), and a weevil Sphrigodellus marshalli (GBIF). The Amani Flatwing (ADDO WM) is an endemic family of damselfly, the Amanipodagrionidae.

Other endemic arthropods include a baboon spider Encyocratella olivacea (Tarantupedia), a jumping spider Tomomingi nywele (jumping-spiders.com), a wandering spider Afroneutria tanga (ResearchGate), the scorpions Babycurus gigas (iNaturalist) and Pandinoides cavimanus (iNaturalist), a solifuge Blossiola obsti (GBIF), a harvestman Erecanana mordax (Opiliones Wiki), the freshwater crabs Platythelphusa immaculata (p. 4 of Nyanza Project pdf) and Potamonautes infravallatus (p. 69 of AToL Decapoda pdf), and a wealth of millipedes: Spirostreptus hamatus (diplopoda.de WM), Eviulisoma zebra (Species New to Science), Macrolenostreptus brachycerus (fig. B at ResearchGate), and Crurifarcimen vagans (IISE WM).

Endemic molluscs include a freshwater snail Potadomoides pelseneeri (ARKive WM) and several land snails: Gulella amboniensis (ARKive WM),Trochonanina mwanihanae (Mollusca types in GB), Tanzartemon seddonae (Mollusca types in GB), and Cyathopoma pembense (ZooKeys).

Among over 1100 vascular plant species unique to Tanzania are the African violets Saintpaulia goetzeana (Gesneriad Reference Web) and Saintpaulia shumensis (Gesneriad Reference Web), Aloe dorotheae (ARKive WM), Toussaintia patriciae (IUCN), Barleria rhynchocarpa (iNaturalist), Kleinia amaniensis (Grootscholten), Solanum umalilaense (ResearchGate), Ecbolium tanzaniense (POWO), Euphorbia neoarborescens (IUCN), Brillantaisia richardsiae (IUCN), Nymphaea stuhlmannii (iNaturalist), Impatiens kilimanjari (iNaturalist), Uvaria dependens (flickr), Begonia engleri (iNaturalist), Isoglossa variegata (POWO), Kniphofia goetzei (iNaturalist), Uvariopsis bisexualis (IUCN), Huernia schneideriana (Llifle), Asclepias mtorwiensis (iNaturalist), Senecio telekii (iNaturalist), and several orchids: Disperis kerstenii (iNaturalist), Mystacidium pulchellum (iNaturalist), Polystachya longiscapa (IOSPE WM), Disa walteri (iNaturalist), and Ancistrorhynchus refractus (IOSPE WM).

Trees known only from Tanzania include a palm Dypsis pembana (PACSOA WM), Dendrosenecio kilimanjari (iNaturalist), Cola usambarensis (flickr), Karomia gigas (GTC WM), Isolona heinsenii (IUCN), Garcinia tanzaniensis (African Plants WM), Allanblackia stuhlmannii (iNaturalist), Polyscias stuhlmannii (iNaturalist), Aoranthe penduliflora (iNaturalist), Entandrophragma bussei (p. 30 of SUAIRE pdf), Monotes rufotomentosus (iNaturalist), Erythrina schliebenii (p. 34 of NMU pdf), Millettia sacleuxii (iNaturalist), Coffea kihansiensis (ResearchGate), Erica mafiensis (Patrick Blanc), Uvariodendron usambarense (GBIF), and a cycad Encephalartos sclavoi (ARKive WM). Endemic tree genera include Peterodendron (iNaturalist), Temnocalyx (ResearchGate), Mwasumbia (Annonaceae of Africa), Sanrafaelia (Annonaceae of Africa), Platypterocarpus (GBIF), and Neohemsleya (JSTOR).

Other endemic vascular plant genera include Urogentias (iNaturalist), Stephanostema (Pflanzenreich), the orchids Neobenthamia (orchid-nord.com) and Thulinia (GBIF), Dionychastrum (JSTOR), Hystrichophora (JSTOR), Streptosiphon (Tree of Life WM), Dolichometra (JSTOR), Pseudonesohedyotis (JSTOR), Chaetopoa (JSTOR), Chlorocalymma (JSTOR), and Farrago (JSTOR).

Endemic fungi include Kusaghiziporia usambarensis (ResearchGate), Lactifluus tanzanicus (Semantic Scholar), and Afrocantharellus fistulosus (fig. B at ResearchGate). Endemic lichens include Chaenothecopsis kilimanjaroensis (Fig. 2 at ResearchGate) and Parmotrema compositum (GBIF). Endemic non-vascular plants include the liverworts Plagiochila hiroshiana (GBIF) and Cheilolejeunea ulugurica (CORE pdf), a hornwort Anthoceros parvifrons (JSTOR), and the mosses Pocsiella hydrogonioides (GBIF) and Ceratodon viridatus (GBIF). Vanvoorstia incipiens (CiteSeerX WM pdf) (AlgaeBase) is an endemic red algae .

Portions of Tanzania are part of the following biodiversity hotspots: the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and the Eastern Afromontane (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). The Eastern Arc Forests (WWF WM) are an exceptional terrestrial ecoregion. Important freshwater ecoregions include Coastal East Africa (FEOW WM) and the world's three richest lakes for endemic freshwater fish species: Lake Victoria (IUCN WM pdf), Lake Tanganyika (SIAL WM), and Lake Malawi (FEOW WM).