Brazil
Checklist of Endemic Vertebrate Genera
This list of vertebrate genera found exclusively in Brazil is based on the taxonomy used in the Mammal Diversity Database (2020) for mammals, del Hoyo & Collar (2014 & 2016) for birds, the Reptile Database (2018) for reptiles, AmphibiaWeb (2018) for amphibians, and Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2023) for fishes. For further details on the sources and possible inaccuracies in the list see Sources & Caveats.
X = Extinct # = Deep-sea fishes (below 200 m)
Dryadonycteris
1 spp. (Mammal Chiroptera Phyllostomidae)
Neonycteris
1 spp. (Mammal Chiroptera Phyllostomidae)
Xeronycteris
1 spp. (Mammal Chiroptera Phyllostomidae)
Brachyteles
2 spp. (Mammal Primates Atelidae)
Callithrix
6 spp. (Mammal Primates Callitrichidae)
Leontopithecus
4 spp. (Mammal Primates Callitrichidae)
Callicebus
5 spp. (Mammal Primates Pitheciidae)
Kerodon
2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Caviidae)
Calassomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Drymoreomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Microakodontomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Noronhomys
1 (1 EX) spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Phaenomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Thalpomys
2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Wiedomys
2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Callistomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Carterodon
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Lonchothrix
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Phyllomys
14 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Trinomys
10 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Chaetomys
1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Erethizontidae)
Taoniscus
1 spp. (Bird Struthioniformes
Tinamidae)
Ramphodon
1 spp. (Bird Caprimulgiformes
Trochilidae)
Anopetia
1 spp. (Bird Caprimulgiformes
Trochilidae)
Augastes
2 spp. (Bird Caprimulgiformes
Trochilidae)
Clytolaema
1 spp. (Bird Caprimulgiformes
Trochilidae)
Aphantochroa
1 spp. (Bird Caprimulgiformes
Trochilidae)
Jacamaralcyon
1 spp. (Bird Piciformes
Galbulidae)
Triclaria
1 spp. (Bird Psittaciformes
Psittacidae)
Cyanopsitta
1 spp. (Bird Psittaciformes
Psittacidae)
Guaruba
1 spp. (Bird Psittaciformes
Psittacidae)
Rhopias
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Thamnophilidae)
Rhopornis
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Thamnophilidae)
Eleoscytalopus
2 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Rhinocryptidae)
Merulaxis
2 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Rhinocryptidae)
Megaxenops
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Furnariidae)
Cichlocolaptes
3 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Furnariidae)
Acrobatornis
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Furnariidae)
Ilicura
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Pipridae)
Carpornis
2 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Cotingidae)
Calyptura
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Tyrannidae)
Anumara
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Icteridae)
Orthogonys
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Mitrospingidae)
Compsothraupis
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Thraupidae)
Orchesticus 1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes Thraupidae)
Castanozoster
1 spp. (Bird Passeriformes
Thraupidae)
Acratosaura
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Alexandresaurus
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Anotosaura
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Calyptommatus
4 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Caparaonia
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Colobodactylus
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Colobosauroides
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Dryadosaura
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Ecpleopus
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Heterodactylus
3 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Leposoma
6 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Marinussaurus
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Nothobachia
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Placosoma
4 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Procellosaurinus
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Psilops
3 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Rhachisaurus
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Rondonops
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Scriptosaura
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Stenolepis
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Gymnophthalmidae)
Enyalius
10 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Leiosauridae)
Gymnodactylus
5 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Phyllodactylidae)
Brasiliscincus
3 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Scincidae)
Psychosaura
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Scincidae)
Glaucomastix
4 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Teiidae)
Eurolophosaurus
3 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Tropiduridae)
Strobilurus
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Sauria - Tropiduridae)
Amnesteophis 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes - Colubridae)
Amnisiophis
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae) 2022
Caaeteboia
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Coronelaps
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Ditaxodon
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Elapomorphus
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Gomesophis
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Lioheterophis
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Ptychophis
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Rodriguesophis
3 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Sordellina
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Tropidodryas
2 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Uromacerina
1 spp. (Reptile Squamata
Serpentes - Colubridae)
Ranacephala 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Testudines - Chelidae)
Brachycephalus 42 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Brachycephalidae)
Dendrophryniscus 10 spp. (Amphibian Anura Bufonidae)
Frostius
2 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Bufonidae)
Haddadus
3 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Craugastoridae)
Cycloramphus
28 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Cycloramphidae)
Thoropa
6 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Cycloramphidae)
Zachaenus
3 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Cyclorhamphidae)
Phyzelaphryne
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Eleutherodactylidae)
Fritziana
6 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hemiphractidae)
Bokermannohyla
32 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Corythomantis
2 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Hylomantis
2 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Phasmahyla
8 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Phrynomedusa
6 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Xenohyla
2 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylidae)
Hylodes
26 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylodidae)
Megaelosia 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Hylodidae)
Phantasmarana 6 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylodidae) 2021
Crossodactylodes
5 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Leptodactylidae)
Paratelmatobius
7 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Leptodactylidae)
Rupirana
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Leptodactylidae)
Scythrophrys
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Leptodactylidae)
Arcovomer
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Microhylidae)
Dasypops
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Microhylidae)
Myersiella
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Microhylidae)
Stereocyclops
4 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Microhylidae)
Neblinaphryne 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Neblinaphrynidae) 2023
Macrogenioglottus
1 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Odontophrynidae)
Bahius 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Strabomantidae) 2021
Euparkerella
5 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Strabomantidae)
Holoaden
4 spp. (Amphibian Anura
Strabomantidae)
Brasilotyphlus
2 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona
Siphonopidae)
Mimosiphonops
2 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona
Siphonopidae)
Atretochoana
1 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona
Typhlonectidae)
Potamobatrachus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Batrachoidiformes Batrachoididae)
Storrsia 1
spp. (Actinopteri Blenniiformes Dactyloscopidae)
Sartor 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Anostomidae)
Henochilus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Bryconidae)
Acinocheirodon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Amazonichthys 3 spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae) 2023
Aphyocheirodon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Bryconexodon 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Caiapobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Coptobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Ctenocheirodon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Dinotopterygium 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Erythrocharax 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Glandulocauda 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Hasemania 9
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Hollandichthys 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Hysteronotus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Inpaichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Kolpotocheirodon 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Lepidocharax 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Leptobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Lophiobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Nematocharax 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Oligobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Orthospinus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Phallobrycon 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Phycocharax 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Planaltina 4
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Rachoviscus 2
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Rhinopetitia 6
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Stygichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Tucanoichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Characidae)
Ossubtus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Serrasalmidae)
Amazonspinther 1 spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Spintherobolidae)
Spintherobolus 4 spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Spintherobolidae)
Tarumania 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Tarumaniidae)
Lignobrycon 1
spp. (Actinopteri Characiformes Triportheidae)
Rondonacara 1
spp. (Actinopteri Cichliformes Cichlidae)
Taeniacara 1
spp. (Actinopteri Cichliformes Cichlidae)
Teleocichla 9
spp. (Actinopteri Cichliformes Cichlidae)
Phalloptychus 3
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Poeciliidae)
Atlantirivulus 15
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Campellolebias 4
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Cynolebias 22
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Hypsolebias 52
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Leptolebias 1
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Leptopanchax 6
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Maratecoara 4
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Mucurilebias 1
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Nematolebias 3
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Notholebias 4
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Ophthalmolebias 6
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Pituna 6
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Plesiolebias 8
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Prorivulus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Simpsonichthys 9
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Stenolebias 2
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Xenurolebias 4
spp. (Actinopteri Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae)
Leptophilypnion 2
spp. (Actinopteri Gobiiformes Eleotridae)
Tembeassu 2
spp. (Actinopteri Gymnotiformes Apteronotidae)
Procerusternarchus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Gymnotiformes Hypopomidae)
Iracema 1
spp. (Actinopteri Gymnotiformes Rhamphichthyidae)
Archolaemus 6
spp. (Actinopteri Gymnotiformes Sternopygidae)
Leucogrammolycus # 1
spp. (Actinopteri Perciformes Zoarcidae)
Paragenidens 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Ariidae)
Ferrarissoaresia 2
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Auchenipteridae)
Pseudotatia 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Auchenipteridae)
Tocantinsia 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Auchenipteridae)
Aspidoras 18
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Callichthyidae)
Scleromystax 6
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Callichthyidae)
Franciscodoras 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Doradidae)
Kalyptodoras 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Doradidae)
Wertheimeria 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Doradidae)
Acentronichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Heptapteridae)
Rhamdioglanis 2
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Heptapteridae)
Rhamdiopsis 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Heptapteridae)
Taunayia 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Heptapteridae)
Ancistomus 5
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Araichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Chauliocheilos 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Corumbataia 9
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Curculionichthys 13
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Delturus 4
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Epactionotus 4
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Euryochus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Furcodontichthys 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Hemipsilichthys 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Hirtella 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Hopliancistrus 5
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Isbrueckerichthys 5
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Kronichthys 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Lampiella 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Microlepidogaster 8
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Microplecostomus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Nannoplecostomus 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Neoplecostomus 19
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pareiorhaphis 28
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pareiorhina 7
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Parotocinclus 27
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Plesioptopoma 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pogonopoma 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Proloricaria 2
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pseudoloricaria 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pseudotocinclus 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pseudotothyris 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Pyxiloricaria 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Reganella 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Rhinolekos 4
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Schizolecis 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Scobinancistrus 2
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Spectracanthicus 6
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Loricariidae)
Bagropsis 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Pimelodidae)
Conorhynchos 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Pimelodidae)
Zungaropsis 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Pimelodidae)
Copionodon 5
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Glaphyropoma 2
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Listrura 10
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Microcambeva 9
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Miuroglanis 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Rhinotridens 1 spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae) 2023
Stauroglanis 1
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)
Trichogenes 3
spp. (Actinopteri Siluriformes Trichomycteridae)