Brunei
Part of the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and sharing the species rich island of Borneo (WWF WM) with portions of Indonesia and Malaysia, Brunei can claim several dozen species known only from within its borders. For information on many endemic plants see (Jacqueline Henrot).
Fish species endemic to Brunei include a silurid catfish Ompok platyrhynchus (ResearchGate), a halfbeak Dermogenys bruneiensis (p. 37 of Oxford pdf), a barb Barbodes xouthos (ResearchGate), a priapiumfish Neostethus geminus (ResearchGate), the Brunei Dartfish (FishBase), and three species of river loach: Gastromyzon cranbrooki (p. 2 of Springer pdf) (iNaturalist), Gastromyzon venustus (GBIF), and Neogastromyzon brunei (Google Arts & Culture).
Insects known only from Brunei include the katydids Tapiena paraincisa (GBIF) and Kuzicus mirabilis (ResearchGate), the crickets Tembelingiola belaitensis (GBIF) and Ectatoderus nigrofasciatus (GBIF), a raspy cricket Monseremus bellus (GBIF), the tiger beetles Cylindera macrodonta (iNaturalist) and Therates bruneiensis (iNaturalist), a scarab beetle Bruneixenus squamosus (p. 6 of eResearch Archive WM pdf), a flea beetle Clavicornaltica belalongensis (BDJ), the rove beetles Disarthricerus bruneicus (GBIF) and Drusilla bruneiorum (Internet Archive), a moth Darantasia seria (Moths of Borneo), the ants Chrysapace merimbunensis (ResearchGate) and Strumigenys zagan (AntWiki), an endemic genus of bee Varthemapistra (ResearchGate), a fruit fly Euphranta belalongensis (p. 3 of Raffles Museum pdf), the damselflies Telosticta belalongensis (GBIF) (p. 33 of Raffles Museum pdf) and Mortonagrion megabinluyog (ResearchGate), a stonefly Phanoperla belalong (p. 8 of Illiesia pdf), the plant bugs Tatupa grafei (ZooKeys) and Megalofaciatus foliotibialis (ResearchGate), a water bug Aphelocheirus bruneiensis (PLAZI), and a water strider Rheumatogonus esakii (Internet Archive).
Other
invertebrates unique to Brunei include a
jumping spider Brettus
storki (p. 3 of Peckham
Soc. pdf), the goblin spiders Ischnothyreus barus
(AMNH
WM)
and Ischnothyreus elvis
(AMNH
WM),
an endemic genus of cobweb spider Brunepisinus
(figs.
14-19 at ResearchGate) (iNaturalist),
the
freshwater crabs Geosesarma
spectrum (GBIF)
and
Terrathelphusa
telur (p. 10 of Raffles
Museum pdf), an amphipod Victoriopisa bruneiensis
(GBIF),
a semi-slug Microparmarion
sallehi (BDJ),
and a land snail Craspedotropis
gretathunbergae (Species
New to Science).
A family of oribatid mites, the Luxtoniidae
(BHL),
was described from specimens collected in the Badas Forest Reserve in
Brunei, but is often considered to be included in the more widespread
Epimerellidae.
About 65 species of vascular plants are so far known exclusively from
Brunei iinclude the palms Calamus maiadum
(PALMweb)
and Pinanga yassinii
(POWO),
an
orchid Coelogyne
bruneiensis (IOSPE
WM),
Begonia awongii
(Jacqueline
Henrot), Begonia jamilahana (BHL),
Phanera
(or Bauhinia)
campanulata
(p.
85 of Jacqueline
Henrot pdf), Homalomena terajaensis
(junglemikey),
Polyalthia watui
(BHL), Loxocarpus taeniophyllus
(p. 22 of SBG
pdf), Thismia inconspicua
(ResearchGate), Pothos
laurifolius (ResearchGate), Alangium kayuniga (BHL),
Boesenbergia jangarunii
(p.
106 of Jacqueline
Henrot pdf),
Hoya wongii
(bottom right at fliphtml5),
Hoya ariffinii
(ResearchGate),
Amischotolype
sphagnorhiza (p. 7 of WWF
pdf),
Macrosolen brunsing
(BHL),
Alocasia
azlanii (ResearchGate),
Schismatoglottis hottae
(ResearchGate),
Jarandersonia yahyantha
(BHL),
and an
endemic genus of bamboo Temburongia
simplex (BioLib).
Trees known only from Brunei include Pseuduvaria bruneiensis (p. 43 of Jacqueline Henrot pdf), a palm Livistona exigua (POWO), Trigonostemon detritiferus (p. 39 of Naturalis pdf), Trigonostemon lychnos (GBIF), Xanthophyllum petiolatum (p. 100 of Jacqueline Henrot pdf), Horsfieldia disticha (GBIF) (BHL), Durio bruneiensis (p. 4 of Rheedea pdf), Calophyllum multitudinis (GBIF), Syzygium praestantilimbum (BHL), and Porterandia bruneiensis (p. 102 of Jacqueline Henrot pdf).
Endemic non-vascular plants include the liverworts Vitalianthus lamyi (MNHN pdf) and Drepanolejeunea glimeae (Biotaxa).